선진유가 도덕철학의 존재론적 해명

Abstract

For the ontological explanation for the moral philosophy in pre-chin China confucian, I examined three issues such as the basic mentality of the Chinese philosophy, the origin of the human nature and the characteristic nature of human. The main points of this research will be summarized as follows. The Heaven thought in pre-chin China confucian dates back to the thought of the worship of Heaven which had been transmitted from the ancient times of China as a folk religious form. Heaven and Human homogeneous thought that Heaven gives birth to Human had been developed to moral Providence which we understand Heaven as a origin of human nature. Moral Providence was the humane nature of the self and so the human existence called the very self was understood as the existential basis and criterion which make us exist humane. The human moral character as a moral nature and moral subject means four virtues such as benevolence, justice, propriety and wisdom. As the human moral character called four virtues is the origin of all creatures and is equivalent to the Heaven's four virtues called Weon(元), Hyung(亨), Yi(利), Jeong(貞) which are the existential principle of all creatures, with this four virtues we realize the harmony between the moral character as a human's original nature and the truth of the way of Heaven. When we manifest human's innate moral character which is the moral nature of the self and spread and realize it all over the world, the moral realization of the benevolence and righteousness will be achieved. As the above, moral character is the existential principle of human itself and the existential way of the human reality. Thus when human realize the moral character of the self subjectively, we can achieve our native duty as a human and the moral character can be embodied as an obligatory acting principle of human. The ultimate goal of the realization of the moral character aims at the perfect humanity and the realization of the humane life. This is the very mission for the self-oriented endowed moral character and the embodiment of the way of Heaven.