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호주 다문화주의의 역사적 변화와 다문화교육 정책

Historical Change of Australian Multiculturalism and Multicultural Education Policy

심성보
한국초등도덕교육학회 (Korean Elementary Moral Education Society)|2014.08|초등도덕교육 (KOREAN ELEMENTARY MORAL EDUCATION SOCIETY)|제45호|pp. 183-208|DOI 10.17282/ethics.2014..45.183

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키워드

다문화주의multiculturalismmulticultural education다문화교육백호주의이민문화개방인종차별철폐White Australia policyrecognition of immigrant cultureantiracism

초록

호주는 이민의 나라이고 많은 문화를 가진 다문화 국가이다. 호주의 다문화교육 정책은 동화정책/백호주의→이민문화 개방 정책→인종차별철폐 운동과 원주민의 토지 반환→백호주의의 공식적 폐지→다문화주의의 국가적 천명과 발전→다문화주의의 태동과 발전→반인종주의 운동과 원주민에 대한 국가의 사과→세계시민주의로의 이동이라는 다양한 역사적 변화를 보이고 있다. 이러한 역사의 한 가운데 있는 원주민의 존재와 이민의 증대는 호주 다문화교육의 발전과 매우 밀접한 관련을 맺고 있다. 이에 따라 호주 다문화교육은 용광로 이론에서 샐러드 이론과 모자이크 이론으로 발전하고 있다. 점점 동화와 통합에서 다양성과 포용의 가치를 중시하는 것으로 발전하고 있다. 특히 우리나라는 국가적으로 지구촌 시대의 도래, 민족국가의 경계 변화, 이주노동자와 탈북자의 유입으로 새로운 시민권의 출현뿐만 아니라, 내부적으로 지역갈등과 남북분단과 겹쳐 독특하고 복잡한 다문화사회의 현상을 보이고 있다. 그런 면에서 호주의 다문화주의는 다문화 사회로 진입하고 있는 우리나라의 다문화교육에 소중한 역사적 교훈을 제공하고 있다.

Abstract

The primary purpose of this study was to explore how multicultural education is contexturalized in South Korea by examining the response of south Korean public education system to the multicultural conditions and multicultural challenges created by the new ethics and racial diversity. Nowadays, Australia is a state of immigrant, with nearly one-quarter of its population born overseas. The multicultural policy in Australia as follows: assimilation-based policy, multicuturalism-based policy, restoration of aboriginal right, abolition of White Australia Policy, national apology to stolen generation, and economic rationalism-based multicultural policy, anti-racism and cosmopolitan multicultural policy. Above all, in Australia Aborigine and immigration are directly tied to the development of multicultural education. Therefore, we need evolving from melting pot to salad or mosaic multicultural education. Australian multicultural society gives a historical lesson to our country. Korean society is rapidly changed to the multicultural society. Also Korean society becomes increasingly multicultural, the existing Korean multuralism can contribute in its unique way to the social enrichment of this country.

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