국가별 교육효율성 지수의 측정 및 활용
The Cross-Country Measurement of Education Efficiency and Its Application
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초록
교육투자와 총합적 경제성과 간의 관계를 분석한 선행의 실증연구에서는 한 국가의 교육투자의 정도를 나타내기 위해 1~2개의 교육성과 지표 혹은 교육 투입비용을 사용했다는 문제점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 자료가 가용한 120개 국가의 양적 확대, 질적 개선 및 기회 균등을 반영하는 교육지표를 이용해 국가별 교육성과와 교육효율성 지수를 측정했다. 비록 교육성과가 높은 국가에서 대체로 교육효율성 지수가 높게 측정됐지만, 상당수의 국가에서는 양자 간에 차이가 있었다. 또한 본 연구에서는 교육효율성 지수가 유용하게 활용될 수 있는지 검토하기 위해 교육효율성 지수가 소득지니계수로 나타낸 소득불평등에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석했다. 실증분석 결과 교육효율성 지수는 모형 및 표본의 선택에 관계없이 소득불평등에 통계적으로 유의한 음의 영향을 미치는 것으로 추정됐다. 하였다.
Abstract
The empirical relationship between education investment and aggregate economic performance is widely examined in the existing literature. However, the existing literature has a problem in a sense that they use a few measures of education performances independently or education expenditures to represent the level of a country's education investment. In this paper, education performance (ESP) and education efficiency (ESE) is measured using education indicators for 120 countries that reflect quantitative expansion, qualitative improvement and equal opportunity. Although a country with a higher ESP generally is accompanied by a higher ESE, a number of countries show differences between ESP and ESE. In addition, we empirically examine the impact of ESE on income inequality, measured in income Gini index, to identify the effectiveness of the cross-country measurement of ESE. Regression results suggest that ESE has a negative and statistically significant impact on income inequality, regardless of the model specifications and sample selections.
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