독자 변화와 치유를 위한 의미 구성 기제 탐색 - 구성 통합적 텍스트 이해 모형을 중심으로 -
Implications of Constructive-Integration Model of Reading Comprehension for Bibliotherapy
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본 연구는 독서의 생물 문화적 성격을 토대로 인지적 과정과 감정을 연결함으로써 독자 변화 혹은 치유 효과를 나타내는 기제를 탐색하는 데 목적이 있다. 구성 통합적 텍스트 이해 모형에 따르면 독자는 텍스트를 읽고 표면구조, 텍스트기반, 상황모형, 화용모형 등의 정신적 이해 표상을 만들어낸다. 독자의 정신적 표상은 모두 독자 감정과 관련되어 있다. 독자 감정은 독자의 스키마가 동화 혹은 조절되는 상황에서, 그리고 독자가 텍스트 세상으로 들어가서 인물들에게 공감과 동일시를 하거나 자신의 감정기억을 되살릴 때 유발된다. 독자 감정은 적절한 중재를 받을 경우 일반 심리요법에서와 같이 감정적 변화 과정을 거치면서 독자에게 긍정적인 효과를 산출할 수 있다. 특히 적합한 심미적 간격을 두고 이루어지는 독자의 동일시, 공감, 카타르시스, 스키마 동화 및 조절은 독자를 변화시키고 치유하는 기제가 될 수 있다. 한편, 독서는 책이라는 문화적 요소를 통한 기호적 중재 활동이기도 하다. 기호적 중재 도구를 활용하는 방법을 익힌 독자들은 수직적, 혹은 수평적 수준에서 감정과 의미를 연결하고 정교화 함으로써, 그리고 개인적으로 혹은 다른 사람들과의 대화를 통해서 문화적 경험을 성찰함으로써 새로운 이해와 통찰을 얻을 수 있다.
Abstract
This study is to find out the therapeutic mechanism of bibliotherapy by relating cognitive process and emotions based on the bio-cultural nature of reading. According to the constructive-integration model of reading comprehension, readers make various mental representations of texts such as surface structure, text-base, situation-model and pragmatics model. These mental representations of reading comprehension are all connected with the readers’ emotions. The readers’ emotions are biologically evoked in the course of assimilation and accommodation of readers’ schemata with the artifacts of texts, and when readers have sympathies and empathies with characters in the texts or recollect their past emotion memories while mentally go into the world of texts. The readers’ emotions supported by appropriate mediation and reflection could have impacts on the change of readers’ psychological being and selves while undergoing affective change process as in psychological therapies. Identification and sympathy with characters, catharsis of oppressed emotions, assimilation and accommodation of schemata could be the mechanisms for bibliotherapy. Reading is also a kind of semiotic mediation activity through the cultural elements of literature. Readers who have learned the skills to use the semiotic tools can achieve some new understanding and insights from reading through connecting and clarifying emotions and meanings horizontally and vertically and reflecting the cultural experience individually or through dialogue with others.
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