금융위기 이래 금융감독 개편 추세와 시사점- 영국형 감독체계의 한국 적합성 여부-
Trends and Implications of Financial Supervision Reform since the Financial Crisis
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금융위기 이후 거시건전성 강화 및 금융소비자 보호 필요성을 이유로 그간 한국에서 감독체계 개편 목소리가 적지 않았다. 개편 목소리 중 일부는 영국과 호주의 감독체계를 본딴 감독체계의 도입을 강하게 주장하며 국회에서도 관련법 개정을 위한 의안이 수차례 발의된 바 있다. 금융위기 이후 금융시스템 안정성 관점에서의 거시건전성 감독체계 정비와 함께 금융소비자 보호 강화가 중요 이슈로 거론되고 있는데, 한국에서의 금융감독체계 개편을 둘러싼 논의에는 특히 후자- 즉 금융소비자 보호강화에 관한 사항이 뜨거운 감자가 되어 왔다. 이에 한국에서는 현행 감독체계(통합형)을 기능중심형 감독체계, 소위 쌍봉형(twin peaks) 감독체계로 개편하자는 논의가 지속되어 왔다. 이 글에서는 금융위기 이후 주요국의 감독체계 개편 상황을 살펴보았는데 그 결과 금융위기 이래 국가마다 거시건전성 감독의 중요성이 매우 강조되고 있음에도 불구하고 특정한 감독체계로의 개편 추세가 존재한다고 하기 어렵다. 특정한 감독체계가 거시건전성 감독에 최적이라고 하기 어려우며 심지어 감독체계를 개편한 이후의 영국에서도 금융소비자 보호실패 사례가 나타난다. 이상을 감안하여 이제껏 한국의 감독체계에 대하여 각계에서 제기된 여러 지적- 정치적 독립성의 취약, 전문성 보완 등-을 착실하게 보완하고 친금융소비자적으로 감독문화 개선에 힘쓰는 등 현행 체계를 보완, 내실화하는 것이 중요하다.
Abstract
Since the financial crisis, there has been considerable arguments in Korea for the reorganization of the current Korean financial supervisory system, due to the need to strengthen macro-prudential supervision and financial consumer protection. Some of the voices strongly advocated the introduction of a supervisory system based on the British and Australian supervisory system, so-called the twin peak system or function-based supervisory system; the Korean National Assembly has made a number of proposals for revision of relevant laws. During the current post-crisis period, the reform of the macro-prudential supervision system and the strengthening of financial consumer protection have been discussed as important issues. In the discussion on the restructuring of the financial supervision system in Korea, especially the latter has become a hot potato. In Korea, there has been a debate about the reorganization of the current system (integration type) into a function-based one (twin peaks system). This paper examines the restructure of the supervisory systems of major countries into function-based supervisory system since the financial crisis. As a result, it is hard to say that there is a tendency of reorganization into specific supervisory system despite some emphasis on macro-prudential supervision since the financial crisis. It is hard to say that a specific supervisory system is optimal for macro-prudential supervision of which purpose is financial stability. Furthermore, even in the UK after the reorganization of its supervisory system, financial consumer protection failures still continue to emerge. In light of the above, Korea needs to complement its current system by supplementing its weakest point of little political independence and the more, which is important for the success of Korean financial supervision.
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