사르트르(J.-P. Sartre)의 ‘종합적 인간현상’에 관한 연구 : 존재와 무에 나타난 인간의 실존성과 형이상학의 통일성

Abstract

This paper aims to comprehensively construct human existence and metaphysical aspects in Sartre. In Sartre, humans tend to neglect metaphysical aspects only because of their existence. So, in this paper, I would like to highlight the metaphysical aspect as well as human existence. For Sartre, human existence means the Being-for-itself. This being-for-itself is constituted through reflection as self arises as it first falls from identity to unity. In particular, for Sartre, human consciousness can never be a being like Descartes' cogito, and it is a being that cannot guarantee its own certainty. It exists only as the nihilation of the in-itself, and always causes division with the in-itself because it has a relationship with the in-itself as nothing. To overcome the division is the attempt of identity between the in-itself and the for-itself, and is a problem of metaphysical anthropology. But for Sartre, metaphysical anthropology is an expression of human desire to become a god. However, since the for-itself is in a negative relationship with the in-itself, it cannot truly achieve identity, only unity. Thus, Sartre's view of humanity has a antinomic character in which the existence and metaphysical character are unified a priori, but cannot achieve identity.