Csikszentmihalyi의 몰입 요소에 근거한 학습 몰입 척도 개발 및 타당화 연구
Development and Validation of the Learning Flow Scale
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본 연구의 목적은 학습상황에서 몰입 수준을 측정할 수 있는 학습 몰입 척도를 개발하고, 그 타당성을 검증하는데 있다. 본 연구는 초등학교 6학년 학생들을 대상으로 예비검사(339명)와 본검사(453명)를 실시하였다. 분석방법으로는 학습 몰입 척도의 신뢰도 검증 및 요인구조를 확인하기 위해 문항분석과 탐색적 요인분석을 실시하였으며, 학습 몰입 척도의 타당성과 적합성을 확인하기 위해 확인적 요인분석을 실시하였다. 우선 문헌연구를 통해 Csikszentmihalyi의 9개 몰입 요인을 잠정적 구성요인으로 설정한 후, 예비문항을 200문항 제작하였다. 예비검사 분석 결과, Csikszentmihalyi의 9개 몰입 요인 중 시간감각 왜곡 요인을 제외한 8개 요인, 51문항이 추출되었으며 설명변량은 44.4%였다. 이론적 뒷받침을 근거로 하여 19문항 추가하여 총70문항을 본검사에 시행하였다. 본검사 분석 결과, 9개 요인, 49문항이 추출되었으며 설명변량은 60.1%로 나타났다. 또한 확인적 요인분석을 실시하여 모델의 적합도를 개선하고 모델을 수정한 결과, 9개 요인, 35문항이 최종 학습 몰입 척도로 추출되었다. 확인적 요인분석 결과, GFI, AGFI, CFI, RMSEA 등의 적합도 지수가 권장수용수준보다 높게 산출되어 측정모델의 적합성을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 타당성과 적합성 검증과정을 거쳐 학습 몰입 척도가 완성되었다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Learning Flow Scale that can measure flow level in real learning situation. This study was administered to 792 6th grade elementary school students (339 in pilot test and 453 in main test). As statistical methods, item analysis and Exploratory Factor Analysis(EFA) were conducted to test the reliability of items and the factor structure. And Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA) was conducted to test the validity and fitness of the Learning Flow Scale. First, based on the results of literature review, we identified 9 components of Csikszentmihalyi's flow construct and developed the 200 pilot items. Analyzing the pilot test data, the result obtained 51 items, 8 factors except 'Transformation of Time' of Csikszentmihalyi's 9 flow factors. Based on theory, we added 19 items and conducted 70 items in main test. Analyzing the main test data, the result obtained 49 items, 9 factors. Conducting Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA), improving goodness of fit of the model, and modifying the model, the result obtained 35 items, 9 factors as the final learning flow scale. As a result of Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA), the goodness of fit indices(GFI, AGFI, CFI, RMSEA) demonstrated statistically significance and fitness of the model. The final Learning Flow Scale supported Csikszentmihalyi's 9 flow factors. The Learning Flow Scale can be used as a valid instrument to measure flow level in the learning situation. Suggestions for use of the scale and for further research are discussed.
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