언어정보의 시각화 과정 연구: ICT 활용교육에서예비교사와 전문교사의 특성을 중심으로
A Study on the Visualization Process of Verbal Information: Focus on the different haracteristics between Novices and Experts for ICT Use in Education
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최근의 정보 급증과 정보 표현 기기의 다양성으로 정보 표현 방식이 관심의 대상이 되고 있다. 이중에서도 많은 자료를 표현할 수 있는 시각화는 효과적인 정보표현방식으로 평가받고 있다. 하지만 누가 어떻게 시각화 하느냐에 따라 그 정보는 쉽게 왜곡될 수 있고 효과와 효율성이 떨어질 수 있기 때문에, 어떻게 시각화하느냐의 문제를 살펴보는 것은 매우 필요하다. 특히, ICT가 자주 활용되는 학교 현장에서 시각화에 대한 연구가 더욱 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 ICT를 활용하는 현장에서, 전문가와 초보자가 언어정보를 시각화하는 과정에서 어떠한 양상과 특징을 갖는지 탐색하여 보고자하였다. 이를 탐색하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 시각화 과정 분석에 최적화된 ‘시각화 작업 분석(VTA, Visual Task Analysis)’을 제안하고 시각화 작업 분석을 통해 집중관찰대상자인 전문가 3명, 초보자 3명, 관찰대상자 전문가 12명, 초보자 30명을 중심으로 각 사례별로 나온 결과를 여러 양상으로 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과 전문가와 초보자 모두 초기시각화결정(NVD)이 최종 시각화 결과물에 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 전문가는 과제 수행시간이 빠르며 다이어그램, 비유, 메타포 등의 시각화 전략이 뛰어났다. 또, 시각화의 비유나 메타포 범위가 과제 영역 뿐 아니라 학습자의 경험을 고려해서 적용하는 특성들이 나타났다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 전문가와 초보자의 시각화과정 모형을 제안하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore visualization process of the verbal information for ICT use in Education. In order to investigate the visualization process the research explored (a) what are the different characteristics between experts and novices in visualization process (b) what kinds of pattern can be found in the visualization process. The methods and procedures of the study involved the following steps: (a) Through the literature reviews of ICT Use in Education and visualization (b) VTA(Visual Task Analysis) was used as optimized collecting and analyzing tool in order to patternize the visual process. The subject were three experts and three novices. While participants were performing the visualization tasks, the data were generated by the ‘Think Aloud’ method. The collected data were coded and analyzed by the quantitative and qualitative methods. Finally the visualization models of the effective usage of ICT in Education were suggested. Findings of the protocol analysis were as follows:(a) from the retrospective interview, both experts and novices reported that the initial visual decision were influenced on the final visualization products. A unique process named “NVD(Novel Visual Decision)” seems to exist and has a significant influence on the final results. (b) there was difference between experts and novices in using the time. Experts tend to perform the task faster than the novice. (c) experts used visualization strategies such as simple abstract, diagram, metaphor, analogy, table, and so on. The findings suggested that education on visualization for pre-service teachers should focus on use of metaphor, diagram or table instead of precise summary on contents. The visual process models were suggested from the analysis of the retrospective interview, and qualitative data. It is named as the Object Based Visual Process Model.
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