3차원 가상세계 역할놀이를 통한 초등학교 예비교사의 문제해결력 증진 방안에 관한 사례연구
A Case Study on 3D Virtual Role Play for Improving Problem Solving Skills of Elementary School Pre-service Teachers
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초록
예비교사의 전문성 향상을 위해 실제적인 교실맥락에서 협력적으로 문제를 해결하는 활동이 필요하다. 이 연구에서는 3차원의 가상세계에서 초등학교 예비교사들이 역할놀이를 통해서 실제적인 문제를 해결하고, 교사에게 필요한 역량을 향상시킬 수 있도록 학습활동을 설계하였다. 이 연구의 목적은 가상세계 역할놀이가 초등학교 예비교사 교육에서 가지는 긍정적 측면과 제한점을 조사하는 것이다. 가상세계 역할놀이 활동은 저성취 학생을 위한 교수역량 강화에 초점을 두고 실시되었고, 28명의 초등학교 예비교사들이 3주간 참여하였다. 가상세계 역할놀이 활동은 크게 (1) 실제적인 문제 제시, (2) 가상세계 역할놀이를 통한 학습이슈 발견, (3) 자기주도학습, (4) 협력적 해결안 도출, (5) 가상세계 역할놀이를 통한 해결책 적용, (6) 성찰과 종합이라는 6개의 단계로 구성되었다. 가상세계 역할놀이 전후에 저성취 학생에 대한 교육적 지식과 관련된 검사와 교사의 자기효능감을 측정하였다. 또한 학습활동에 대한 예비교사들의 인식을 면담과 설문조사를 통해서 수집하였고, 질적 자료를 활동체제 모형에서 요소들 간의 조화와 상충관계를 중심으로 분석하였다. 연구결과에 따르면, 가상세계 역할놀이 활동을 통하여 예비교사의 저성취 학생에 대한 교육적 지식이 향상되었으며, 맞춤형 수업에 대한 자기효능감이 높아졌다. 그리고 가상세계 역할놀이의 활동체제 요소들 간의 조화관계와 관련하여 6개의 범주와 13개의 하위범주가 도출되었고, 상충관계와 관련해서는 5개의 범주와 9개의 하위범주가 도출되었다. 이러한 연구결과에 기반하여 교사의 전문역량 계발을 위해서 가상세계 역할놀이가 어떻게 수정 보완되어야 할 것인지에 대해서 논의하였다.
Abstract
Pre-service teachers need to have sufficient opportunities to develop their problem-solving competencies in real classroom contexts. The present study designed a virtual role play (VRP) activity in order to help pre-service teachers to improve their teaching competencies through authentic problem solving activities in a 3D virtual world. The purpose of this study was to investigate strengths and constraints of the VRP for elementary school pre-service teachers. The VRP activity focused on the development of competencies for teaching low-achieving students effectively. In this study, 28 elementary school pre-service teachers participated as part of their coursework for three weeks. The VRP activity consisted of six steps: (1) authentic problem presentation, (2) VRP for identifying learning issues, (3) self-regulated learning, (4) collaborative design of solutions, (5) VRP for application of solutions, (6) reflection and consolidation. Pre- and post-tests were carried out to examine the changes of pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy and pedagogical knowledge for teaching low-achieving students. In addition, interviews and surveys were conducted to explore pre-service teachers’ perceptions about the VRP activity. The qualitative data were analyzed in regards to harmonies and conflicts among the activity system’s components. This study found that pre-service teachers significantly improved their pedagogical knowledge for teaching low-achieving students and their self-efficacy of adapting instructions to their students’ individual needs. In addition, this study found 6 categories and 13 sub-categories about harmonious relationships as well as 5 categories and 9 sub-categories about conflicts among the VRP activity components. Based on these findings, suggestions were provided to improve the VRP activity for the development of professional competencies in teacher education.
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