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생성형 인공지능 시대를 맞이하는학습분석학의 적응적 진화

Adaptive Evolution of Learning Analytics in the Age of Generative Artificial Intelligence

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주제분류교육학

초록

인공지능(AI) 기술의 발전은 교육 분야에 많은 영향을 끼치고 있다. 최근 몇 년 동안 눈에 띄는 인공지능 기술의 발달은 생성형(generative) 인공지능이라고 할 수 있다. 특히 대규모 언어 모델(LLMs)기반의 ChatGPT는 자연어 의미와 구문을 이해하고, 자연어 텍스트를 생성하며, 특정 대화 맥락에 맞춰 대화할 수 있다. ChatGPT의 이러한 특성은 교육의 변혁을 위한 새로운 기회를 제공한다. ChatGPT는 학습자와 복잡한 상호작용이 가능하기 때문에 이를 분석하면 개별 학습자의 학습 경험을 분석하는데 도움이 될 것이다. 이는 학습분석학이 진화할 수 있는 계기가 마련된 것이라고 볼 수 있다. 이러한 배경에서 본 연구의 목적은 생성형 인공지능의 도입으로 야기된 교육 분야의 변화를 학습분석학적 관점에서 탐구해보고 이를 토대로 학습분석학의 적응적 진화방향성을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해 인간과 ChatGPT간의 상호작용 메커니즘을 살펴보고 그들 상호작용만의 독특한 특성을 이해해보고자 하였다. 이를 통해 기존 학습분석학이 설명할 수 없던 것들에 대한 설명 가능성을 탐색해보고 학습분석학의 적응적 진화 방향성을 기술적, 진단적, 예측적, 처방적 측면에서 제안하였다. 본 논문이 생성형 인공지능으로 야기된 새로운 교육 패러다임을 이해하는 데 기여할 수 있을 것이며, 생성형 인공지능이 포용되는 교육환경에서 더욱 효과적이고 효율적이며 매력적인 교수학습 설계를 위한 통찰을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

Abstract

The influence of artificial intelligence (AI) technology on education has been substantial, with generative AI, notably ChatGPT based on large language models (LLMs), standing out as a noteworthy development. ChatGPT’s proficiency in comprehending natural language semantics and syntax, generating coherent text, and engaging in context-specific dialogues introduces transformative possibilities for education. Its adeptness in intricate interactions with learners suggests that analyzing these interactions can serve as a catalyst for examining individual learning experiences, thereby fostering the evolution of learning analytics. In this context, this research aims to explore the changes in the educational landscape brought about by the adoption of generative AI from a learning analytics perspective and propose directions for its adaptive evolution. To achieve this, we investigated the interaction mechanisms between humans and ChatGPT, seeking to understand the unique characteristics of their engagements. Through this exploration, we identified explanatory possibilities for phenomena that traditional learning analytics could not elucidate and proposed directions for the adaptive evolution of learning analytics, encompassing descriptive, diagnostic, predictive, and prescriptive aspects. This paper is anticipated to contribute to the comprehension of new educational paradigms induced by generative AI, offering insights for more effective, efficient, and engaging instructional design in educational settings where generative AI is integrated.

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