「영재교육종단연구」의 이론모형 및 측정모형 수립
Establishment of the Theoretical and Measurement Model for the「Longitudinal Study on Gifted Education」
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본 연구는 영재교육의 효과성과 사회적 공헌도의 체계적 분석을 목적으로 하는 「영재교육종단연구」의 이론적 모형과 측정변인을 설정하고, 그 타당성을 검증하기 위해 수행되었다. 문헌연구와 2차에 걸친 전문가 델파이 조사를 통해 이론모형 및 측정모형을 수립하고, 타당성을 검토하여 수정‧보완하였다. 최종모형에서는 전문적 성취를 넘어 획기적인 발전을 이끌어낼 수 있는 창의적 성취를 통해 사회와 인류에 기여하는 것을 영재교육의 궁극적 목적으로 설정하고, 이를 바탕으로 영재성 발현 단계를 영재성-전문적 성취-사회공헌의 3단계로 구분하였다. 영재성 단계는 아직 성취 형태로 발현되지 않은 잠재력 보유 단계로 지능, 창의성과 같은 일반적 능력과 영역 특수적 능력을 포함하였다. 전문적 성취 단계에서는 영재학교와 고등교육 재학기간 동안의 교육적 성취(성적, 수상‧연구실적, 진학, 취업 등)와 취업 이후 교육‧연구 분야 또는 기술‧산업 분야에서의 직업적 성취로 구성하였다. 사회공헌 단계에서는 자신의 분야에서 탁월한 성취를 통해 사회에 기여함으로써 영재성이 최종적으로 발현된다고 설정하였다. 또한 영재성 발현 과정에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 교육내‧외적 요인으로 구성되는 환경 요인과 개인의 정의적 특성인 개인내적 요인을 포함하여 모형을 설정하였다. 단계별 모형 설정 결과를 보고하고, 더불어 향후 「영재교육종단연구」의 성공적 시행을 위한 발전 과제를 제언하였다.
Abstract
This study was conducted to establish the theoretical model and review measurement variables of the 「Longitudinal Study on Gifted Education」. The purpose of this study was to systematically analyze the effectiveness and social contribution of gifted education, and to validate its rationale. Both the theoretical and measurement models were optimized by reviewing the literature and using the Delphi method after multiple revisions. One’s giftedness is normally identified in the early ages and then developed for a lifetime. We divided the development stage into three parts according to its quality and influence. The outcomes of gifted education are expected to first come at a smaller scale from one’s extraordinary academic performance within their creative and professional expertise, and then further extends to their contribution to society and humanity. In the first stage (“Identifying Giftedness”), potential talents are recognized among thosewith more general abilities such as intelligence and creativity, as well as domain-specific abilities, which can easily be revealed in the mathematics and science fields. This ‘giftedness’ is then expressed in the form of educational and career achievements later in the second stage (“Professional Achievement”). Examples of educational achievements can include school grades, awards, volume of research conducted, or admission to higher level institutions. When the gifted get their professional positions in academia, industry or in other fields of technology, occupational achievements could be measured by their career paths. In the third and final stage (“Social Contribution), the influence of the gifted would expand their talents by contributing to society through outstanding achievements in their field. In our model, environmental factors which are classified as educational and non-educational factors take an important role in the .sequence of giftedness development. The internal factors of the gifted are the effective characteristics of the individuals. The present study shows the process of setting up an initial model until obtaining the final model. It also suggests future tasks for the successful implementation of the longitudinal project.
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