영재 학습자의 과학 과제비용과 성취목표 간의 종단적 상호관계
The Longitudinal Reciprocal Relations Between Gifted Learners’ Perceived Cost and Achievement Goals in Science
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영재 학습자들은 일반적으로 높은 인지 능력과 학습 동기를 지니고 있다고 알려져 있지만, 높은 인지적 능력이 요구된다고 인식되는 과학과 같은 영역에서는 지나친 경쟁적 목표나 심리적 부담감을 보이기도 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 영재 학습자의 과학 교과에 대한 과제비용 인식과 성취목표 간의 종단적 상호 관계를 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 위해 K대학 영재교육원에서 제공하는 온라인 영재교육에 참여한 초등학생(5, 6학년)과 중학생(1-3학년) 총 1,478명을 대상으로 과학 교과에 대한 과제비용과 3개 유형의 성취목표(숙달목표, 수행접근목표, 수행회피목표)를 총 4개(T1- T4)의 시점에서 측정하여 자기회귀교차지연분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 과제비용과 숙달목표의 관계에서는 이전의 과제비용(T1)이 높을수록 이후의 숙달목표(T2)가 낮았으며, 마찬가지로 이전의 숙달목표(T1, T3)가 높을수록 이후의 과제비용(T2, T4)이 낮았다. 또한, 이전의 과제비용(T1, T2)이 높을수록 이후의 수행회피목표(T2, T3)가 높았으며, 이전의 수행회피목표(T2, T3)가 높을수록 이후의 과제비용이 높았다(T3, T4). 즉, 과제비용은 숙달목표 혹은 수행회피목표와 일부 시점에서 상호관련성을 보였다. 과제비용과 수행접근목표 간에는 유의한 교차경로가 없었다. 성취목표 간 관계에서는 이전의 수행접근목표가 높을수록(T1, T3) 이후의 숙달목표가 높았으며(T2, T4), 이전의 수행접근목표가 높을수록(T1, T2) 이후의 수행회피목표가 높았다(T2, T3). 숙달접근목표와 수행회피목표 간에는 유의한 교차경로가 없었다. 본 연구 결과는 영재 학습자의 과학 교과에 대한 동기 지원을 위해서는 숙달목표에 대한 지원을 강화하고 수행목표, 특히 수행회피목표는 지양함으로써 과제비용을 감소시키는 것이 우선되어야 함을 시사한다. 영재 학습자들에게 개인의 향상과 숙달에 중점을 둔 과제를 제공하여 경쟁적인 수행목표를 덜 추구하게 하고 결과적으로 과학 교과에 대한 과제비용을 낮출 필요가 있음을 제안한다.
Abstract
Gifted learners are generally known to possess high cognitive abilities and strong motivation for learning. However, in areas such as science, which are perceived to require high cognitive demands, they may also exhibit excessive competitive goals or psychological stress. This study examines the longitudinal reciprocal relations between gifted learners' perceived cost and achievement goals in science. To this end, auto-regressive cross-lagged analyses were conducted to explore the relation between perceived cost and three types of achievement goals (mastery goals, performance-approach goals, and performance-avoidance goals) in science at four time points (T1- T4). The participants included 1,478 elementary school students (grades 5 and 6) and middle school students (grades 1-3) who participated in an online gifted education program provided by a gifted education center at K university. The results showed that higher perceived cost at T1 was associated with lower mastery goals at T2. Similarly, higher mastery goals at T1 and T3 were associated with lower perceived cost at T2 and T4. In addition, higher perceived cost at T1 and T2 were linked to higher performance-avoidance goals at T2 and T3, and higher performance-avoidance goals at T2 and T3 were associated with higher perceived cost at T3 and T4. There was no significant cross-lagged path between perceived cost and performance- approach goals. This study’s findings suggest that in order to support motivation gifted learners’ motivation in science, it is essential to prioritize reducing perceived cost by strengthening support for mastery goals and avoiding performance goals, particularly performance-avoidance goals.
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