Cogmed 작업기억훈련이 초등영재학생들의 작업기억력 향상에 미치는 영향
The Effects of Cogmed Working Memory Training on Improving Working Memory of Gifted Elementary School Students
1
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구는 우리나라 초등학교 영재학생들의 작업기억력 향상을 위해 컴퓨터를 활용한 작업기억훈련인 CWMT(Cogmed Working Memory Training; 이하 Cogmed 훈련)의 효과성을 탐색함으로써, 영재학생들의 특성인 작업기억력의 강화 방안을 제시하기 위하여 Cogmed 훈련이 초등학교 영재학생들의 작업기억력 향상에 미치는 영향을 탐색하였다. 먼저 서울시내 A초등학교 5학년 84명 중 지능검사 결과를 바탕으로 IQ 120 이상(Gagné, 1998)인 영재학생들 중 지원자 11명을 대상으로 연구를 실시하였다. 한국판 Cogmed 훈련을 사용하였고, 훈련 대상자에게 주 5회, 총 25회기에 걸쳐 각 가정에서 데스크탑 컴퓨터를 활용하여 실시하였다. 훈련 참여 전·후 작업기억력 검사를 실시하여 사전, 사후 변화와 학생, 학부모 면담을 통해 훈련의 효과성을 탐색하였다. 이를 통해 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, Cogmed 훈련이 작업기억력이 낮은 ADHD 및 학습장애 아동들 뿐 아니라 작업기억력이 우수한 초등영재학생들에게도 효과적인 프로그램으로서의 가능성을 보여주었다. 둘째, 작업기억력 향상 효과를 확인하기 위해서는 장기간의 관찰이 필요하고, 훈련과정 속에서 작업기억력이 향상됨과 동시에 긍정적인 외적 요인에는 영향을 받고, 부정적인 외적 요인에는 영향을 받지 않도록 하기 위한 효과적인 코칭전략과 상담전략이 필요함을 시사하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to improve working memory of gifted elementary school students in South Korea by applying Cogmed Working Memory Training(CWMT), a computer-based working memory training. First of all, the research was conducted on the 11 applicants who were gifted students with an IQ score of 120 or higher (Gagné, 1998) out of 84 fifth graders of A elementary school in Seoul for the purpose of exploring the intervention effect of CWMT To improve working memory of gifted elementary school students, the Korean version of CWMT was used and CWMT was conducted to trainees using a desktop computer at their home for 25 sessions (5 times a week) in total. The effectiveness of training was explored by conducting working memory test. before and after the training participation. Through data analysis, the following results were obtained. CWMT was found to be effective in improving working memory not only of students with ADHD or learning disabilities whose working memory were low, but also of gifted elementary school students. However, long-term observation is required to observe the effect of CWMT as there were some cases where academic achievement ability of the students declined even though their working memory had been improved. In addition, it was also suggested that effective coaching and counseling strategies are needed to improve working memory during the training process, while at the same time being only affected by positive external factors, not by negative external factors.
참고문헌 (36)
- 강재정, "인지기능 향상 집단 프로그램의 효과 : 작업기억 중심으로", 석사, 아동심리치료, pp.2009
- 김경화, "뇌파검사를 활용한 과학영재의 판별 및 이에 기반한 선발 체계의 구안", 박사, 과학교육학, pp.2005
- 김수동, "수업설계에서 심상전략의 활용", 교육문제연구, 9(3), pp.137~153 (1997)
- 김유미, "영재에 대한 뇌과학적 논의", 유아교육, 17(3), pp.69~78 (2008)
- 김은성, "주의력결핍 과잉행동장애 아동과 일반아동의 실행능력비교", 학습장애연구, 8(3), pp.175~193 (2011)
- 박경희, "과학창의성 검사도구 개발과 과학영재아의 뇌 기능 분석", 박사, 중등과학교육, pp.2004
- 박미영, "ADHD아동을 위한 컴퓨터 훈련 프로그램 기반 CBT 효과검증", 한국심리학회지 : 임상, 29(3), pp.639~657 (2010)
- 유한익, "국내 아동 및 청소년 작업기억력 평가를위한 종합작업기억력검사의 표준화 연구", 소아청소년정신의학, 20(2), pp.68~75 (2009)
- 진석언, "KU-BPT 고지능아용 인지능력검사 실시 매뉴얼", 미간행 자료, ~ (2010)
- 최경순, "고학년 ADHD 아동의 작업기억 능력", 학습장애연구, 10(1), pp.109~121 (2013)
- Alexander, J. E., "Developmentally advanced EEG alpha power in gifted male and female adolescents", International Journal of Psychophysiology, 23, pp.25~31 (1996)
- Baddeley, A. D., "Working memory", Science, 255, pp.556~559 (1992)
- Baddeley, A. D., "The episodic buffer : A new component of working memory?", Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, pp.417~423 (2000)
- Baddeley, A. D., "Working memory : Looking back and looking forward", Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 4, pp.829~839 (2003)
- Baddeley, A. D., "Recent advances in learning and motivation (Vol. 8)", pp.47~90 (1974), Academic Press
- Crone, E. A., "Neurocognitive development of the ability to manipulate information in working memory", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103(24), pp.9315~9320 (2006)
- Drechsler, R., "Controled evaluation of a neurofedback training of slow cortical potentials in children with atention defict", hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), 2007, pp.3, 35~
- Dunning, D. L., "Does working memory training lead to generalized improvements in children with low working memory? A randomized controlled trial", Developmental Science, 16(6), pp.915~925 (2013)
- Egeland, J., "Few effects of far transfer of working memory training in ADHD : A randomized controlled trial", PloS one, 8(10), pp.e75660~ (2013)
- Engle, R. W., "Working memory, short-term memory, and general fluid intelligence: a latent-variable approach", Journal of Experimental Psychology. General, 128, pp.309~331 (1999)
- Glisky, E. L., "Computer learning by memory-impaired patients : Acquistion and retention of complex knowledge", Neuropsycholgy, 24, pp.313~328 (1986)
- Holmes, J., "Taking working memory training from the laboratory into schools", Educational Psychology, 34(4), pp.440~450 (2014)
- Holmes, J., "Adaptive training leads to sustained enhancement of poor working memory in children", Developmental Science, 12(4), pp.F9~F15 (2009)
- Klingberg, T., "Training and plasticity of working memory", Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14(7), pp.317~324 (2010)
- Klingberg, T., "Computerized training of working memory in children with ADHD-a randomized, controlled trial", Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 44(2), pp.177~186 (2005)
- Klingberg, T., "Training of working memory in children with ADHD", Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 24(6), pp.781~791 (2002)
- Klingberg, T., "Increased brain activity in frontal and parietal cortex underlies the development of visuospatial working memory capacity during childhood", Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14(1), pp.1~10 (2002)
- Olesen, P. J., "Increased prefrontal and parietal activity after training of working memory", Nature Neuroscience, 7(1), pp.75~79 (2004)
- Schoenemann, P. T., "Brain size does not predict general cognitive ability within families", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 97(9), pp.4932~4937 (2000)
- Shah, P., "Model of working memory: Mechanisms of active maintenance and executive control", pp.1~27 (1999), Cambridge University Press
- Sousa, D., "How the gifted brain learns" (2003), Corwin Press, Inc
- Swanson, H. L., "Short-term memory and working memory : Do both contribute to our understanding of academic achievement in children and adults with learning disabilties", Journal of Learning Disabilties, 27, pp.34~50 (1994)
- Tuholski, S. W., "Individual differenes in working memory capacity and enumeration", Memory and Cognition, 29, pp.484~492 (2001)
- Van Rooy, C., "Spatial working memory and intelligence : biological correlates", Intelligence, 29(4), pp.275~292 (2001)
- Wager, T. D., "Neuroimaging studies of working memory", Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 3(4), pp.255~274 (2003)
- Witelson, S. F., "The exceptional brain of Albert Einstein", The Lancet, 353(9170), pp.2149~2153 (1999)
