일본 역사교과서 강제동원 및 일본군‘위안부’ 관련 서술의 현황과 문제점

Abstract

This paper examines the current status and problems of Japanese middle school social studies history textbooks from the Abe(安倍) administration to the Suga(菅) and Kishida(岸田) administrations, compulsory mobilization of Japanese history textbooks, and the current status and problems from the perspective of history education and history writing, textbook examination, and Miyazawa and Kono Statement. The conclusion of this paper is as follows. First of all, looking at the description of Japanese elementary, middle, and high school social studies and history textbooks related to forced mobilization of the Japanese military and 'Japanese Military Sexual Slavery' and the characteristics of history education, it was confirmed that the new <Strengthening of Textbook Testing Standards> prepared in January 2014 under the Abe administration and the <Cabinet Decision(閣議)> adopted by the Suga administration in April 2021 served as a decisive factor. As a result, the description of the textbook effectively forces the use of the term 'Japanese Military Sexual Slavery' rather than 'forced mobilization and forced mobilization' for 'military comfort women' or 'Japanese Military Sexual Slavery' for 'military comfort women'. In particular, in the case of elementary and middle school social studies departments, the description itself related to 'Japanese Military Sexual Slavery' almost disappeared. On the one hand, history education, which is related to the content of textbooks and the relationship between the two, has become a prominent feature of the right-leaning (nationalism), which is the official historical perception of the Japanese government following the Abe administration and the Kishida administration, which focuses primarily on promoting patriotism and love for the country and the region. Next, in light of the goals of the Basic Education Act, the School Education Act, and the history education with these contents and characteristics, the current textbook description and history education focus on achieving the goal of (1) among (1) Japan's affection for history, (2) awareness of the importance of respecting other countries and cultures. Furthermore, this history narrative and history education are a denial of 'care for neighboring countries', an important keyword of the Miyazawa Statement, and at the same time, it is a measure that ignores the historical nature of the Kono Statement, which recognized the involvement, responsibility, coercion, and illegality of the national level (military) in the Japanese military's 'Japanese Military Sexual Slavery' issue. This contradicts the content of the Abe Statement announced on the 70th anniversary of the post-war era in 2015. After all, the above history description and history education are far from the future of Korea and Japan, which aims for mutual understanding, cooperation, and common prosperity based on peace, and furthermore, for the future of East Asia. Therefore, it is obvious that the proper and desirable direction of history education in Japan should be history education with the educational goal (2) in mind, the meaning of "care for neighboring countries" in the Miyazawa Statement, and the spirit of the Kono Statement(recognition of historical responsibility). The first step in true historical reconciliation comes from the recognition of historical responsibility.