蔡元培와 中國民權保障同盟

Abstract

In 1927, Cai Yuan Pei supported Jiang Jie Shi and participated in the liquidation of communist party and Anti-Communism. Then he took part in Nan Jing government. He considered that Communism was a rapid ideology which could not be accepted in China. However, this thought didn't support the terror committed by Jiang Jie Shi afterward. He established the political principle (浙江省最近政綱) and tried to rescue the youngsters who became victims of the terror. He insisted obstinately to the Cheng-Dang committee of ZheJiang that the committee should not abuse the capital punishment to communists and also he insisted that youngsters who became communists unintentionally should have the rights to repent. For the people in prison by this reason, he took advantage of his friendship and his reputation to the government officers and made constant efforts to release them. At this time of 4.12. 1927, the time of activites for liquidation of communist party and anti-Communism, he already performed Alliance for the Chinese Rights step by step. The reason why Cai Yuan Pei constructed organization to this work was that the political condition of China was getting worse. The law could be interpreted one's own will, therefore not only communists but also supporters of the Democratic Party arrested and oppressed. From 1930, Jiang Jie Shi devoted his energy to conquest the Communist Party. Concurrently, he cracked down pro-Communist and Patriotic progressive party. 31. January he proclaimed the law of punishment (危害民國緊急治罪法),and sentenced them to a severe punishment who were against the Three Principles of the People and the government. In 1931, when 9.18 occurred, Jiang Jie Shi established policies for public peace and external resistance, and prohibiting resist against outside influence. The people cried the war against Japan and resisted against Jiang Jie Shi government. The suppression against counterforce of Jiang Jie Shi was getting worse. In compliance with the movement of the people, he organized the secret(military)agency constitution to create fear and terror. For the youngsters who were arrested, Cai Yuan Pei conducted lifesaving campaign personally. In 1932, he organized Alliance for the Chinese Rights with Song Ching Ling. Not only liberalists like Hu Shih·Lin Ui Tang, there were also communists like Xu De Heng and Agnes Smedley. Their activity was mainly to rescue the arrested communists. They used their private influence upon the National Party. Although the opinion that Alliance for the Chinese Rights activity was started as a lower part of the Third International is generally accepted, there was a difference in motives due to participants' political dispositions. The motive of Cai Yuan Pei has a thread of connection with his educational conception, pursuit of substantial world that he adhered strictly his thought throughout his life. Song Ching Ling announced that the purpose of Alliance for the Chinese Rights was to help great numbers of unknown political offenders who were in prison. However, Cai Yuan Pei made clear of universal human rights as his purpose. The Three Principles of the People he suggested as a common cause was based on humanitarianism and love for humanity. This has a thread of connection with his educational conception which he held his course during his life. February 1933, he made clear his position that he continued his movement in spite of the criticism raised by Hu Shih. In this circumstance, he insisted that guarantee of civil rights was the teachings of philosophers and therefore his movement should be continued in spite of social unrest. It may seem that Cai Yuan Pei's movement is a contrary concept with Jiang's Anti-Communism. Yet if Jiang's Anti-Communism can be a narrow point of political action(the Lesser Vehicle), Cai Yuan Pei's Alliance for the Chinese Rights can be interpreted as a broad political activity(the Great Vehicle, the phenomenal world) because this was the activity of substance world. In other words, in Cai Yuan Pei's view of the world and his general idea of education, there is no distinct difference between Anti-Communism and Alliance for the Chinese Rights activity.