남경국민정부시기 지방자치와 교육: 浙江省 蘭溪自治實驗縣의 사례를 중심으로

Abstract

The background in which Lanxi county was selected as experimental Prefecture was related to the political purpose that Chiang Kai-shek and CC wave and the Kuomintang government were trying to seize the political initiative and to take control of the base layer of the regime in the unstable unified nation. In order to justify and rationalize the attempt of expanding influence of the government and ruling party in the base layer, it was inevitable to put forward that the proliferation of the education based on Three Principles of the People for the realization of local autonomy was the legacy of the Sun Yat-sen In Lanxi experiments, the local government enforced resolute plans to promote systematization and proliferation of the Three Principles of the People education and achieved the conversion of outdated pre-modern life style and the sweeping change in local leading forces. Specifically, in order to strengthen central government’s educational policy. the head of education department proceeded schemes to construct primary schools(Central Primary School, ranked private primary school, county-administered private class)from top to bottom, from the center to periphery. In addition, primary schools, especially central primary schools were designated as centers in charge of public educations, various athletic and Health Conference, PTA meetings aiming at modernization of Lanxi community. Thus, primary school in Lanxi County was functioned as a base to drive the social changes in the period of Nanjing national government. The strengthening of military training and national education, the core part of the Three Principles of the People education, was carried out by the Scouts organization under the request of Kuomintang which also indicated strongly that the nature of movement was top-down. From the educational experiments in Lanxi autonomy experiment County, it could be construed the educational activities acted as a mechanism to remove existing local autonomy flow in the region during the 1920s and to stabilize the government-led base layer regime even though they claimed to advocate local autonomy in the implementation process of centralized governance.