특별·광역시별 자치구 조정교부금제도의 특성 및 재정조정효과 분석

Abstract

The fiscal equalization grant scheme for autonomous districts has a unique characteristic of imposing the full responsibility on the metropolitan city for its effects on financial adjustment and fiscal equalization amongst the districts as the metropolitan city can determine the total size and distribution method of the fiscal equalization grant scheme. This paper examines the characteristics of the fiscal equalization grant schemes for autonomous districts of various metropolitan cities, and analyzes its effects on financial adjustment and fiscal equalization amongst the districts. Although the fiscal equalization grant schemes for autonomous districts of various metropolitan cities are rooted on the similar institutional design, this paper finds the grant schemes of various metropolitan cities have differing individual characteristics: For example, each metropolitan city have adopted differing adjustment ratio, cities such as Seoul utilize additional grant, and cities such as Daegu apply adjustment variables. It is also found that the effect of financial adjustment is highest in Seoul and lowest in Daejoen and Ulsan, while the effect of fiscal equalization is highest in Dajeon and lowest in Seoul. In the analysis on the adjustment ratio, the effect of fiscal equalization in all metropolitan cities except Gwangju is improved as the balanced adjustment ratio is applied. Furthermore, the Gini coefficient decomposition suggests that Gwangju has a room for the institutional improvement as Gwangju is the only city with the rerranking effect of intergovenmental grants greater than the effect of reducing the gap. This paper also finds that the downward adjustment of the special fiscal equalization grant for autonomous districts improves the effect of fiscal equalization in all metropolitan cities except Gwangju. Such results suggest the adoption of a balanced adjustment ratio, the minimization of effect on the change of raking, and the downward adjustment of the special fiscal equalization grant as the means to enhance the effect of fiscal equalization of the fiscal equalization grant scheme for autonomous districts.