보통교부세 산입률의 재정형평성과 자체수입 확충 유인에 대한 효과 분석 및 정책적 시사점

Abstract

This paper logically investigates the effect of the inclusion rate in the Local Shared Tax on the fiscal equalization among local governments and on the local governments’ tax efforts to increase their own tax revenue. In particular, it focuses on theoretical analysis of the trade-off between the two effects and empirical analysis of the fiscal equalization. The analysis presents that if the product of the inclusion rate and the adjustment rate is less than 1, an increase in the inclusion rate increases the fiscal demand satisfaction rate of local governments with lower fiscal capacity and decreases the fiscal demand satisfaction rate of local governments with higher fiscal capacity. If the product is greater than 1, the fiscal demand satisfaction rate among local governments is reversed. In addition, it analyzes that an increase in the inclusion rate dampens down the local governments’ tax efforts. An empirical analysis suggests that as the inclusion rate increases, the local shared tax improves fiscal equalization, but if it exceeds a certain level where the product of the inclusion rate and adjustment rate increases to less than 1, the reversal of fiscal demand satisfaction rate occurs and fiscal equalization may deteriorate. Finally the paper proposes a policy alternative to improve the fiscal equalization without shrinking the local governments’ tax efforts.