教育功能视角下书法教育的指向性探究
An Inquiry into the directivity of Calligraphy Education from the perspective of Educational Function
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改革开放以来，书法作为艺术门类中的幸运儿迅猛发展。特别是书法教育在人格养成方面起到积极作用，“洗炼人格”的实现源于中国传统“善美一体”思想，又具有当代美育的意义。在政府的推动下，书法教育在大﹑中﹑小学备受重视，但以技能教育为主的教学模式缺乏趣味性，不能达到学生美育，即艺术想象和创造力培养的目的。教师缺乏对学生审美素养和人格塑造的关注。教育之终极目的在于提撕人性，而艺术教育具有通过美育与德育实现自我净化的作用，书法教育应当以“审美传达”带动“技术演示”，进而达到“人格洗炼”的目的。书法与育人的同频共振可以从三个方面入手。一是书法教育理念的转型，必须克服重技法轻文化﹑重实践轻理论﹑重展赛轻内涵的现象。二是书法教育模式的变革，教育者应当用引导的方式将知识技能以更富有趣味性和人文性的知识结合穿插于课堂。教学应以学生为主导，教师为引导，充分发挥他们的观察能力和审美创造能力。被教育者在书法的学习上应该技道两进。三是注重学科之间的互融，书法教育作为新兴起来的艺术门类，需要多学科的依托，如哲学﹑美学﹑心理学﹑教育学﹑历史文献学﹑人类学﹑文字学等学科的相互交叉，即是把书法文化艺术教育拆开，分成书法﹑文化﹑艺术﹑教育的学科大融合。
Abstract
Calligraphy was much more advanced than other arts fields after the reform and opening of Chinese drama. In particular, calligraphy education is thought to be effective in achieving the traditional ideology and modern meaning of realizing a ‘sophisticated character’ as the ultimate purpose of life, and the government selects calligraphy as a required subject in elementary, middle, and higher education courses. In the process of fulfilling this purpose, the narrative education method centered on'function' is being conducted, and students''interest' is lost due to the lack of imagination and creativity, which are the core of'art education (美育)'. This uninteresting technology repetition education has not contributed to the completion of the “sophisticated personality”, the ultimate goal of “美育”. Therefore, in this thesis, we proposed a method to realize the traditional Chinese ideology of ‘善美一体’ that seeks to develop an interesting imagination and creativity through various esthetic transmission methods, so that ‘美育’ goes toward ‘morality’ through ‘interest’.
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