18․19세기 擊錚․上言․擊鼓의 제도사적 고찰과 童蒙擊錚

Abstract

This paper examined the 19th century's sang-eon[上言], gyeok jaeng[擊錚], gyeok go[擊鼓] in terms of institutional history and examines the current status and problems of the conflict system through the dongmong gyeok jaeng[童蒙擊錚] Terminologies such as won-jeong[原情] and sang-eon are different from the existing definitions. Won-jeong is not only a form of oral, but also document and used in sang-eon. Sang-eon is often used for submit won-jeong in addition to the meaning system of resolve grudge. So mechanical distinction of sang-eon, gyeok jaeng, won-jeong needs to be careful. The two measures of the King Jeongjo are important, one is that made local governments have reported to the central government about the gyeok jaeng, and the other one is made to record and report presumptuous content. These measures have allowed us to know the contents of sang-eon and gyeok jaeng. Gyeok jaeng is divided into cha-bi gyeok jaeng[差備擊錚] and wee-wae gyeok jaeng[衛外擊錚]. after reinstalling the sinmoongo[申聞鼓], cha-bi gyeok jaeng is banned, a system of wee-wae gyeok jaeng has been established. Since the 18th century, the increase in gyeok jaeng has been compounded by the relaxation of strict regulations, immature administrative affairs between the central and local governments, and the tendency to directly inform the king of family and community problems. In the 19th century after re-installing the sinmoongo, a time-signalling drums were used instead sinmoongo, persons who play the drums were dressed in an advantageous manner for passing through the palace, such as chulik[天翼] or military uniform, and had a document. The contents of gyeok jaeng by child who is unable to make independent judgment or act and who can avoids punishment are mostly for father, brother and relative relation. However, there are many problems that children cannot handle such as san-song[山訟], deprivation of lineage, land problem. In these case, It can be seen that people such as family, relatives, and waejibu[外知部]s were behind it. Children were not punished in principle, so dongmong gyeok jaeng eventually made the king examine at cases that have already been decided or content that cannot be raised by gyeok jaeng. This was the effect of the dongmong gyeok jaeng. To solving various problems in individuals and communities, the dongmong gyeok jaeng was a good way.