해방~한국전쟁 직후 서울 공업의 재편성

Abstract

With the collapse of controlled economy of wartime, industry in Seoul was curtailed right after the Liberation. For three years right after the Liberation, factories and laborers in Seoul diminished by about 50%, which reveals that unsettledness of industry and continuous downsizing directly after the Liberation was severer than downsizing of factories before and after the Liberation. The changes of industry production from 1945 to 1948 can be schematically summarized as follows: a curtailment of production in 1945→ an increase of production in 1946→a decrease of production in the first half of 1947→a sharp decrease of production in the last half of 1947→an increase of production in the first half of 1948→a sharp decrease of production in the last half of 1948. There was a severe change of industry, influenced by conflicts around 'Factories reverted to the government'(歸屬工場), the revival and stasis of small and medium-sized factories, the influence of suspension of power supply in 1948, and so on. As a result, there was an aftermath of controlled economy of wartime in Seoul industry. The machine industry and the chemical industry which increased in controlled economy of wartime were still the centers of industry, and there was severe concentration of certain types of industry. Factories reverted to the government were superior to private factories on a scale, but the scale and weight greatly decreased because of injustice of a managers and shortage of material supply. Seoul industry was damaged seriously as a result of the Korean War. Factories and their appurtenances were destroyed by about 60%, and about 20% of them were operated in March 1953. Especially, the textile industry, the machine industry and the chemical industry which were concentrated in Yeongdeungpo Complex were damaged seriously. As the damage of Seoul industry was serious, it was only after 1955 was it recovered. Through the restoration from damage of the Korean War, industry really became the Seoul-based industry free from the influence of controlled economy of wartime. As the center of industry was moved from the textile industry, the machine industry, the chemical industry to the textile industry, the chemical industry, food industry before and after the Korean war, the concentration of industry on a particular type was relieved. While large factories decreased, small and medium-sized factories increased in number. As a result of the restoration from damage of the Korean War and the aid goods, Seoul industry was transformed into consumer industry which meets the demand of residents in Seoul.