1219년(高宗 6) 고려-몽골 ‘兄弟盟約’ 再論

Abstract

The brotherly alliance of Goryeo and Mongolia sealed in January 1219 marked the beginning of the Goryeo-Mongol relationship, which spanned the 13th and 14th centuries. It has deserved and actually drawn academic attention ever since Byung-ik Go’s contribution in 1969. However, studies have failed to represent Goryeo’s side of the relationship and have sometimes been compromised by counterarguments questioning the brotherly alliance itself, bringing about a need for re-discussions. The existence of a brotherly alliance between Goryeo and Mongolia from December 1218 to January 1219 is clearly shown in documents exchanged by the Goryeo and Mongolian military camps led by Khachi’un and Jala. These documents state that Goryeo admitted Ching-shin-sang-pyo(稱臣上表, calling itself a vassal) against Mongolia and accepted to pay it tributes. As Mongolia failed to include Chin-jo(親朝, whereby the king visits and greets an emperor in person) due to Goryeo's rejection, Mongolian ambassadors ended up traveling to Goryeo in order to collect tributes from 1219 onwards, despite continuous disagreements on the frequency and volume of the tributes. No additional demands for Chin-jo were made afterwards, suggesting that brotherly alliances did not necessarily include that condition.