전주 성황제의 변천과 의례적 특징 - 한국 성황제의 형성과 변천을 중심으로 -

Abstract

I suggested that we have to make use of Jeonju Seonghwang festival through restoring it to build as the local heritage. From the openning of history, the human being has lived in the religious nets, so that religious lives had fortifed the ritual form as the ancient countries built. The target of the ancient religions were so called the heavenly god, earthly god and human god, etc. The Chosun dynasty had commenced the reformation of governance system in terms of Confucianism. One month after the establishment Chosun dynasty, ancestors tombs and Seonghwang ritual had been the national rite. Basically, the national rituals of Chosun dynasty succeeded to Confucianism, and Firstly it followed the form of the Koryo national ritual. Later it focused three main religions among Taoism, Buddhism, and Shamanism. At that period the Seonghwang festival had been a chief type of the ritual, the former form of painting been replaced as caligraphy, spring and autumn festival held in subject of the local officer. And the ritual articles, dishes and ceremony had to be followed it. It's not just for Seonghwang festival, for every type of national ceremonies. The speciality of Seonghwang festival is that it had held on when the King‘s village visiting. The first national ritual for Seonghwang gods had been held the time after the transfer of the capital to Hanseong, building Sajikdan for each village including village people worshipping village gods(里社). The Seonghwang gods were the the protector of the area and some of them were related to the nation. For example when the first King of the Chosun dynasty was sick, he had people to pray for the local gods. Originally the main form was, that there were Sancheon god left side, and Seonghwang god right side Pungwoonroewoo(the god of rain, tempest and thunder) middle part in Sancheondan(the alter of Sancheon), however people didn't follow that form for a while, but finally people followed it as the national supervision. The King ordered Euijungboo(the headquarter of Chosun administration) to consult between shamanism and buddhism, because there wasn't well formed ritual, people worshipped in front of Seonang(the heap of the stones whenever it add up as the number of prayer). People didn't stopped praying to Seonang type, for they believed the spiritual force. And as the capital city Hanyang (Hanseong) become bigger, other cities' Seonghwang festival were forbidden to focus capital power. It means Seonghwang festival didn't have just religious, but also political meaning. Mainly it had been held in drought season. And Seonghwangdang(the house of Seonghwang ritual) was also called Seonghwangdangsan(san means mountain), as it was located on the mountain, for example in Yeoncheon, Gyonggido. What's the relation between folk culture and contemporary life? It looks very contradictive and meaning different. But this is a matter and about exitence. Because the culture is a series of deed-system, it results from traditional concept and it has value system. It means that the culture has wholeness, historicalness and variety. So we should focus the peculiarity and uniqueness of each culture.