16세기 조선의 「천명도」와 『중용』 해석의 다양성

Abstract

Several “diagrams of the heavenly mandate(「天命圖」)” published in the 16th century Joseon focused on the traditional Confucian notion of the ‘heavenly mandate(天命)’ to illustrate an understanding of the world, human beings, and the relationship between all things. The “diagram of the heavenly mandate” of Chuman Jeong Jiun(1509~1561), Haseo Kim Inhu(1510~1560) and Teogye Yi Hwang(1501~1570) exhibit distinct understandings of the relationship between heaven(天) and humans(人) on the basis of a faithful reading of Zhu Xi(1130~1200)’s commentary on the Doctrine of the Mean(『中庸章句』). Through their different readings of Zhu Xi's commentary on the Doctrine of the Mean, the various “diagrams of the heavenly mandate” of Joseon in the 16th century illustrate the ‘unity of heaven and humans’, the ‘meaning of humanity’ in the relationship between heaven and humans, and the ‘status of morality’ that can be derived from it. The 16th century Joseon “Diagrams of the Heavenly Mandate” follows Zhuxi’s understanding of the Doctrine of the Mean but illustrates its themes and meanings from a different perspective. These three “Diagrams of the Heavenly Mandate” depict the interpretive horizons of the Doctrine of the Mean in relation to heaven, humans, and morality.