추만 정지운의 「천명도」 분석 －“生物”과 “命物”, 그리고 “天人一體”－

Abstract

Chu Man Jeong Jiun’s “diagram of the heavenly mandate” is the first of many “diagrams of the heavenly mandate” drawn in 16th-century Joseon on the theme of the heavenly mandate. Chu Man draws the “diagram of the heavenly mandate” in a downward-to-upward direction to illustrate the process of li(理) being equipped with xing(性) in human beings and all things[命物], and to show that it proceeds based on the process of qi(氣) dimension in which the forms of human beings and all things are created[生物]. The composition of Chu Man’s “diagram of the heavenly mandate” is based on the interpretation that xing(性) of human beings and all things is derived from the yin and yang and the five elements, as explained in Zhu’s commentary on “What heaven imparts to man is called human nature[天命之謂性]” in Chapter 1 of the Doctrine of the Mean. This interpretation of the Chu Man “diagram of the heavenly mandate” invites us to consider the possibility that the various extant “diagrams of the heavenly mandate” are the product of different positions on the relationship between heaven, man, and all things in the process of creation.