중세국어 설근조화의 우성 자질과 무표성
Tongue root harmony in Middle Korean and [+ATR] dominance
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Many assimilation patterns exhibit a kind of feature value asymmetry, in which segments having one value of a contrastive feature undergo assimilation for that feature whereas segments having the opposite value do not. Such asymmetries have often been characterized by referring to the feature value that spreads as the ‘active’ or ‘dominant’ value, and the feature value that does not spread but is rather the target of assimilation as the ‘inert’ or ‘recessive’ value. In the tongue root harmony system, Which of the [ATR] feature values behaviored as a dominance in the vowel assimilation? It seemed that this topic was generally predicted from the each their own vowel inventory. The Middle Korean vowel inventory had the typologically /2IU/ system due to having a contrastive vowel ‘ㆍ’, ‘ㅗ’ and ‘ㅡ’, ‘ㅜ’ on the high vowel position. /2IU/ was separated from /1IU/ languages which did not have the contrast on the high position. In the view of the typological aspect, /2IU/ system had universally a [+ATR] dominance. Therefore I conclued that [+ATR] was the dominant value of [ATR] in Middle Korean because [+ATR] was spreaded in its VH process. ATR harmony languages tend to favor high [+ATR] vowels (e.g., /i/, /u/) and non-high [-ATR] vowels (e.g., /ɛ/, /ɔ/, and /a/), while disfavoring high [-ATR] vowels (e.g., /ɪ/, /ʊ/) and non-high [+ATR] vowels (e.g., /e/, /o/). Disfavored sounds and feature combinations are commonly referred to in the phonological literature as ‘marked’, while favored sounds and feature combinations are referred to as ‘unmarked’. Typically, marked sounds are expected to occur less frequentry and in fewer languages, to be more susceptible to historical loss, and to have a more restricted distributions, that is, occur in fewer phonological or morphological contexts(Steriade 1995；Rice 2007). Articulatory markedness relationships involving vowel height features ([high], [low], and [ATR]) were invoked as explanations for diachronic evolution of Middle Korean ‘ㆍ’, in which it was observed that vowels with the putatively more marked feature combinations([+high], [-ATR]) were generally the first to be lost through language change.
Abstract
Many assimilation patterns exhibit a kind of feature value asymmetry, in which segments having one value of a contrastive feature undergo assimilation for that feature whereas segments having the opposite value do not. Such asymmetries have often been characterized by referring to the feature value that spreads as the ‘active’ or ‘dominant’ value, and the feature value that does not spread but is rather the target of assimilation as the ‘inert’ or ‘recessive’ value. In the tongue root harmony system, Which of the [ATR] feature values behaviored as a dominance in the vowel assimilation? It seemed that this topic was generally predicted from the each their own vowel inventory. The Middle Korean vowel inventory had the typologically /2IU/ system due to having a contrastive vowel ‘ㆍ’, ‘ㅗ’ and ‘ㅡ’, ‘ㅜ’ on the high vowel position. /2IU/ was separated from /1IU/ languages which did not have the contrast on the high position. In the view of the typological aspect, /2IU/ system had universally a [+ATR] dominance. Therefore I conclued that [+ATR] was the dominant value of [ATR] in Middle Korean because [+ATR] was spreaded in its VH process. ATR harmony languages tend to favor high [+ATR] vowels (e.g., /i/, /u/) and non-high [-ATR] vowels (e.g., /ɛ/, /ɔ/, and /a/), while disfavoring high [-ATR] vowels (e.g., /ɪ/, /ʊ/) and non-high [+ATR] vowels (e.g., /e/, /o/). Disfavored sounds and feature combinations are commonly referred to in the phonological literature as ‘marked’, while favored sounds and feature combinations are referred to as ‘unmarked’. Typically, marked sounds are expected to occur less frequentry and in fewer languages, to be more susceptible to historical loss, and to have a more restricted distributions, that is, occur in fewer phonological or morphological contexts(Steriade 1995；Rice 2007). Articulatory markedness relationships involving vowel height features ([high], [low], and [ATR]) were invoked as explanations for diachronic evolution of Middle Korean ‘ㆍ’, in which it was observed that vowels with the putatively more marked feature combinations([+high], [-ATR]) were generally the first to be lost through language change.
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