러일전쟁 이후 의병탄압과 협력자들

Abstract

The objective of this study was to examine the suppression of patriotic soldiers carried out through collective violence by professional oppressive organizations such as army and police since the Russo‐Japanese War. For this purpose, we investigated policies, cases and methods of suppression of patriotic soldiers executed by the Daehan Empire government and Japanese Residency General. What is more, this study reviewed the situations of battles between the two sides and consequent losses. From these investigations was confirmed that the public power inflicted not only human and material losses,namely, casualties and captives but also plunder on patriotic soldiers. The findings of this study were as follows. As patriotic soldiers’ resistance developed into the scale of a war threatening national security, the Daehan Empire government continued to send different types of troops and mobilize provincial organizations in order to suppress and monitor patriotic soldiers. On the one hand, the government took conciliatory measures, and on the other hand the emperor ordered the suppression of patriotic soldiers and imposed a heavy punishment on the captives. What is more, invitation letters for defection were delivered and large amounts of bounty were raised. Local residents collaborative to patriotic soldiers were punished. Reconnaissance of patriotic soldiers by the police was executed simultaneously by the central government and local ones, and the police station in each area played the central role in the work. Superintendents or policemen were dispatched to areas where patriotic soldiers were active and they made detailed reports. The suppression of patriotic soldiers by military policemen and military police assistants was also a nationwide phenomenon. In this process, however, there were countless cases that military police assistants ran away. Spies’ espionage and their report and secret information brought by local residents including town heads and village heads also played a significant role. Particularly in September and October of 1909 when the operation for the massive subjugation of South Korea (南韓大討伐) was about to be launched, it was encouraged to report of patriotic soldiers. In some areas, such an activity was executed effectively based on the resolution of ‘town head meeting.’ However, because treacherous collaborators to Japanese imperialism were patriotic soldiers’ major targets, they had also to suffer a considerable loss.