부산 녹산동 고려시대 가마터 출토 청자의 특징과 의의

Abstract

A kiln site where large scale of ceramic manufacture was done during Goryeo Dynasty was excavated and investigated in Noksan-dong, Busan. It was a place where they produced earthenware at first and switched it into celadon. As time went by, they continued ceramic manufacture for a long time moving kilns. There were 5 kilns and attached waste sites. It was found that there was a large scale of production through over 50 thousand excavated articles. It was located in a place where water systems of the Nakdong River and the southern coast could be used to provide celadon to Gyeongnam area. In the result of analyzing the excavated items, the change of pattern was detected according to ups and downs of ceramic industry along with the period of operation. Overall, the quality was low, types and forms were diverse, and many high status types such as janggo, hyangwan, jantak and maebyeong were manufactured. Especially, a large number of iron painting(cheolhwa) celadon pieces were manufactured. Even though the level and diversity of patterns were low, the types and volume of items that decorated cheolhwa can be compared with Yojang of Jinsan-ri, Haenam, which was a representative cheolhwa celadon manufacturing site during Goryeo Dynasty. In addition, the characteristics of Noksan-dong celadon are the imitation of metalware and similarity with earthenware, which are difficult to find in those handed down as precious artwork or other kiln sites. It is different from the fact that most of celadon kiln sites were affected by Gangjin that manufactured the highest level of celadon. In conclusion, Noksan-dong kiln site can be thought to have produced celadon items with the strong features of Gyeongnam areas. The Haemurigupwan of Korean style, which is a criteria of chronology, is not found, but types and forms of mid-Goryeo Dynasty such as tonghyeongjan, paengihyeongjan and maebyeong are found, so it is estimated to have been operated during mid-Goryeo Dynasty. However, there are some characteristics of early Goryeo Dynasty similar to excavated items from Yongun-ri No. 10, 1st floor and Samheung-ri D-District in the types and forms, so the ceramic industry might have started in the late 11th century.