중국의 항공우주산업 정책과 법제 - 기술수출통제를 중심으로

Abstract

In recent years, China's aerospace industry has achieved significant results in various fields such as manned spaceflight, lunar exploration, and Mars exploration, strengthening its national status. This industry is not limited to simple technological achievements, but has become a key strategic industry that contributes to the national economy, security, and international influence. This paper examines the development process of China's aerospace industry policy and legislation, and focuses on the legal and policy aspects related to technology export control. The aerospace industry is a center of scientific and technological innovation and an important component of the national economy and security, and China defines it as a national strategic high-tech industry. China has set sustainable development and international cooperation in the aerospace industry as its main goals through the "14th Five-Year Plan" and the "2021 Space White Paper." These policies include independent technological development, strengthening space exploration, expanding the commercial space sector, and participating in global governance. In terms of the development of the legal system, China has strengthened its export control legislation in consideration of the sensitivity of aerospace technology. The Export Control Act enacted in 2020 strictly regulates the export of dual-use items and technologies, focusing on protecting national security and economic interests. In addition, the Foreign Trade Act and the Customs Act provide a legal basis by clarifying technology export procedures and controlled items. In addition, related regulations such as the Military Supplies Export Management Regulations contribute to preventing military use of sensitive technologies and complying with international obligations. China's technology export controls have three main objectives: protecting national security, economic interests, and fulfilling international non-proliferation obligations. In particular, export regulations on sensitive items such as satellite technology, rockets and vehicles, and high-precision electrical and mechanical equipment are essential to protecting China's position in the global market. However, this also entails the challenge of limiting international cooperation and technological exchanges, and requires coordination with the international community and improvement of the domestic regulatory system. In conclusion, China's aerospace industry must maintain a balance between national development and international cooperation, and continue to strengthen its legal system and policy foundation. This will play a key role in establishing China's global leadership and ensuring the sustainability of the aerospace industry.