토양에서 ANFO 폭약의 연료성분 중 경유의 효율적인 분석법 검토
Review of Efficient Analysis of the Diesel Components of ANFO Explosive from Soil Samples
1
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO)은 폭발물 테러 사건에서 가장 빈번하게 사용되는 폭약성분 중하나로서 약 94%의 질산암모늄과 6%의 연료물질로 구성된다. ANFO 폭약성분의 무기물 성분은 이온크로마토그래프법 및 모세관전기영동법 등으로 분석되고, 경유 등의 연료성분은 기체질량분석법이 사용된다. ANFO의 연료성분으로 가장 널리 사용되는 경유를 검출함에 있어 검출한계 및 크로마토그램의 패턴에 대하여 solid phase microextraction (SPME)법, solvent extraction (SE)법 및 activated charcoal strip (ACS)법을 비교하였다. 검출한계에 있어서는 SPME법이 가장 낮은 검출한계를 보였고, SE법이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 서로 상이한 크로마토그램을 보였다. 따라서 시료의 양이 적을 경우 SPME법이 가장 적합하고, 시료량이 많을 경우에는 SE법도 적용 가능할 것으로 판단되었으며, 다수의 시료를 신속하게 분석해야 할 경우에는 ACS법이 효율적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.
Abstract
Ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO), commonly composed of a mixture of approximately 94% ammonium nitrate (AN) particles and 6% fuel oil (FO), is one of the most widely employed explosives in terrorism. Forensic investigations of ANFO explosives have been analyzed with ion chromatography or capillary electrophoresis, etc for AN and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for fuel oil, mostly diesel oil. Three kinds of collecting methods of solid phase microextraction (SPME), solvent extraction (SE), and activated charcoal strip (ACS) were compared in detection limit and chromatogram pattern. SPME method showed the lowest in detection limit and SE method was the highest and chromatogram patterns showed differently. Therefore, if the amount of sample is small, SPME method is the best; if sample amount is large, SE method is suitable; ACS method is considered to be effective if a large number of samples should be analyzed quickly.
참고문헌 (23)
- "Blasters’ handbook (1980), 175th anniversary edition", EI Dupont de Nemours & Co., 16th edition, 59~ (1980)
- M Marshall, "Aspects of explosives detection", pp.2~ (2009), Elsevier
- X Zhao, "Forensic identification of explosive oxidizers by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, Rapid Commun", Mass Spectrom, 16(12), pp.1137~1146 (2002)
- KE Hall, "Forensic investigation clandestine laboratories", J Forensic Sci, 38, pp.928~934 (1993)
- KL Peters, "Simultaneous colorimetric detection of improvised explosive compounds using microfluidic paper-based analytical devices(μPADs)", Anal Methods, 7, pp.63~70 (2015)
- J Mass, "Identification of explosive substances through improved signals obtained by a portable Raman spectrometer", Spectrosc Lett, 45, pp.413~419 (2012)
- AD Pert, "Review of analytical techniques for arson residues", J Forensic Sci, 51(5), pp.1033~1049 (2006)
- ASTM, "E2154-15a (2015), Standard practice for separation and concentration of ignitable liquid residues from fire debris samples by passive headspace concentration with solid phase microextraction", ASTM International, ~ (2015)
- I Fettig, "Evaluation of a headspace solid-phase microextraction method for the analysis of ignitable liquids in fire debris", J Forensic Sci, 59(3), pp.743~749 (2014)
- ASTM, "E1386-15 (2015), Standard practice for separation of ignitable liquid residues from fire debris samples by solvent extraction", ASTM International, ~ (2015)
- ASTM, "E1412-16 (2016), Standard practice for separation of ignitable liquid residues from fire debris samples by passive headspace concentration with activated charcoal", ASTM International, ~ (2016)
- RT Newman, "The use of activated charcoal strips for fire debris extractions by passive diffusion. Part I: The effects of time, temperature, strip size, and sample concentration", J Forensic Sci, 41(3), pp.361~370 (1996)
- A Shrivastava, "Methods for the determination of limit of detection and limit of quantitation of the analytical methods", Chron Young Sci, 2, pp.21~25 (2011)
- D Cam, "Determination of petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated soils using solid-phase microextraction with gas chromatographymass spectrometry", J Chromatographic Sci, 39, pp.481~486 (2001)
- DR Lide, "CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85", pp.6~8 (2004), CRC Press
- RT Newman, "The use of activated charcoal strips for fire debris extractions by passive diffusion. part 1: The effects of time, temperature, strip size, and sample concentration", J Forensic Sci, 41(3), pp.361~370 (1996)
- H Yoshida, "A solidphase microextraction method for the detection of ignitable liquids in fire debris", J Forensic Sci, 53(3), pp.668~676 (2008)
- PD Stahl, "Microbial production of volatile organic compounds in soil microcosms", Soil Sci Soc Am J, 60, pp.821~828 (1976)
- J Kesselmeier, "Biogenic volatile organic compounds VOC an overview on emission physiology and ecology", J Atmos Chem, 33, pp.23~88 (1999)
- TO Larsen, "Chemosystematics of Penicillium based on profiles of volatile metabolites", Mycol Res, 99, pp.1167~1174 (1995)