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정신적 외상을 경험한 피면담자의 수사 면담 시 주요 고려 사항

A Major Considerations for Investigation Interviews of Interviewees Who have Experienced Trauma

김빛나|이승진
한국과학수사학회 (The Korean Academy of Scientific Criminal Investigation)|2020.12|과학수사학회지 (Journal of Science Criminal Investigation)|제14권 제4호|pp. 313-327|DOI 10.20297/jsci.2020.14.4.313

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키워드

PTSDInvestigative interviewTraumatized victimSecondary traumaEyewitness testimony

초록

범죄사건 관련 수사 면담 시 면담자는 정신적 외상을 입은 목격자나 피해자를 접할 수 있다. 정신적외상을 경험한 개인은 심리적 불안 혹은 침투적 사고를 보이거나 외상 관련 자극을 회피하는 반응을 보일 수있다. 이와 같은 특성은 정확하고 상세한 진술 확보를 목표로 하는 수사 면담의 원활한 진행을 방해한다. 따라서 본 논문은 심리학 연구를 바탕으로 피면담자의 자발적인 의사소통의 촉진과 풍부한 진술 확보라는 수사면담의 목표 달성과 피면담자의 복지와 안녕을 위해 필요한 지식을 종합해 보고자 하였다. 정신적 외상의 특성을 고려하여 수사 면담 맥락에서 사전 조사 시 검토되어야 할 사안들, 면담 초반 질적으로 우수한 라포의필요성, 본격적인 조사 면담 시 개방형 질문 사용과 유지의 필요성, 피면담자의 감정 수용과 관리 방안, 면담종료 단계 시 고려 사항들을 차례로 제시하였다. 이와 같은 지식은 면담자에게 정신적 외상을 경험한 피면담자의 상태와 반응에 대한 전문가적 이해를 돕고 바람직한 면담의 준비와 시행에 유용한 자료가 될 것이다.

Abstract

In the process of interviewing persons in the investigation of criminal cases, the interviewer may encounter witnesses or victims experiencing trauma. Individuals who have experienced trauma may show psychological anxiety, intrusive thoughts, and avoidance to trauma-related stimuli. Such characteristics hinder the efficient progression of investigation interviews aimed at securing accurate and detailed testimonies. Therefore, based on a psychological perspective, this study aimed to promote voluntary communication of interviewees in investigative interviews and to synthesize the knowledge necessary for the welfare and well-being of interviewees. To that end, this study proposed the following, in the given order: identifying matters to be reviewed during the preliminary research in the context of an investigative interview, considering the nature of trauma; the need to build qualitative superior rapport during the early stages of an interview; the necessity of using and maintaining open-ended questions during an interview; methods for accepting and managing the emotions of interviewees; and considerations in the closing stage of an interview. This knowledge is expected to provide the interviewer with professional understanding of the condition of interviewees with trauma and their reactions, as well as provide useful data for preparing and conducting desirable investigative interviews.

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