서양 중세사상에서의 죄와 회복의 문제 -아우구스티누스와 토마스 아퀴나스를 중심으로-

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to briefly examine the concept of sin, which is a major ethical problem in Western medieval Christian thought, and to discuss the possibility of repentance and humanity restoration as a problem of escape from sin. The contents of this study were as follows. First, I dealt with Augustine's theory of sin, who developed Plotinos' concept of evil from relationship with Christianity to the concept of sin. In particular, the discussion focused on the characteristics and causes of sin, and repentance. Second, I dealt with Thomas Aquinas' theory of sin. In particular, discussing the rules and types of sins and the causes of sins, Thomas revealed the characteristics of the theory of sin. Third, in relation to the problem of repentance, we discussed human spontaneity, divine grace, and restoration of original humanity. The conclusions of this study were as follows. First, Augustine and Thomas Aquinas basically viewed sin as a rebellion against God, and at the same time, viewed it as an anti-social act that harmed the community such as himself or his neighbors. Second, it means that individual problems will develop into social community problems, and it has the meaning of opening up the possibility of alternative thinking. Third, the Western medieval Christian sin theory did not place the discussion of human sin on any external factors, but assumed it as a problem caused by the human being himself, enabling in-depth reflection. Fourth, through in-depth reflection on human existence, it was viewed as providing the happiness of the community living with them and the right direction for the community to go forward.