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비행청소년 대상 긍정심리치료 기반 단기 개인상담의 효과에 대한 예비연구

The Effects of Brief Individual Positive Psychotherapy for Delinquent Youth: A Pilot Study

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초록

비행청소년을 대상으로 긍정심리치료의 효과를 살펴본 선행연구는 많지 않으며, 우리나라 비행청소년에게 긍정심리치료의 효과를 조사한 연구는 없었다. 본 연구는 긍정심리치료에 기반한 단기 개인상담이 경미한 범죄를 저지른 비행청소년의 심리적 적응에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 청소년비행예방센터와 경찰청 선도프로그램에 참여 중인 비행청소년 15명에게 성격강점 및 감사에 초점을 둔 3회기 긍정심리치료를 개인상담으로 실시하였다. 모든 참여자들은 치료 전후에 정서상태(정적정서 부적정서 척도), 삶의 만족도(한국판 정신적웰빙 척도 단축형), 자아존중감(로젠버그 자존감 척도), 공감능력(한국판 대인관계 반응성 척도), 충동성(한국판 Barratt 충동성 검사-11), 공격성(한국판 공격성 질문지) 등 자기보고식 설문을 실시하였고, 작업기억력(숫자외우기 검사), 지속적 주의력(지속적수행 검사), 실행기능(선로따라잇기 검사, 스트룹 검사) 등 신경심리검사를 수행하였다. 분석 결과, 치료 전에 비해 치료 후 청소년의 부정정서가 감소하고 공감능력과 실행기능 능력이 개선되었다. 아울러 기저 작업기억과 지속적 주의력이 치료효과와 정적 상관을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 긍정심리치료가 우리나라 비행청소년의 심리적 적응과 친사회적 행동의 증진에 효과적일 수 있으며, 비행청소년의 기저 인지기능이 치료 효과에 영향을 미치는 요인일 수 있음을 시사한다.

Abstract

A few studies have examined the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy for juvenile offenders. There has been no study investigating the effect of positive psychotherapy on Korean delinquent youth. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of brief individual positive psychotherapy on the psychological adjustment of delinquents. Fifteen delinquents participated in three sessions of individual positive psychotherapy focusing on character strengths and gratitude. The Positive and Negative Affectivity Scale(PANAS), Mental Health Continuum-Short Form(MHC-SF), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale(RSES), the Interpersonal Reactivity Index(IRI), the Barratt Impulsivity Test-11(BIS-11), the Aggression Questionnaire(AQ), the Continuous Performance Test(CPT), the Trail Making Test(TMT), and the Stroop test were assessed before and after treatment. It was found that negative affect was decreased and empathy and executive function were improved after treatment. Additionally, the better the baseline working memory and sustained attention, the more the empathic ability improved after treatment. These results suggest that positive psychotherapy may be effective in promoting psychological adjustment and prosocial behaviors in Korean delinquent youth.

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