Global-local Interaction within Hub Port Cities
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본 연구는 세계화 영향으로 인한 국제해운물류환경변화 아래에 과거 10년간 아시아 중심항만도시에서 항만과 도시간의 상호작용에 의한 독특한 항만도시성장패턴을 분석하였다. 기존 연구는 항만의 성장, 항만시설의 유휴화, 도시외곽으로 이전 그리고 배후교통망 변화에 따른 도시의 성장과 항만의 소멸에 초점을 맞추었다. 본 연구는 아시아의 산업화와 물류시장의 급성장으로 인해 기존 연구와 다른 항만도시성장패턴을 보이는 홍콩, 싱가포르 등 아시아 중심항만도시의 성장과정을 증명하였다. 항만산업 입지집적도 분석법을 사용하여 새로운 항만도시성장 패턴과 항만, 물류, 도시정책과의 연계성을 조명하였다. 홍콩의 항만산업 집적계수는 1993년 0.377에서 2002년 0.312로 작아졌다. 이는 세계 항만환경변화로 주변 항만들의 치열한 경쟁과 홍콩반환으로 인해 홍콩이 중국 광동지역의 중심도시가 되면서 항만산업의 분산을 촉진하였다. 반면, 싱가포르의 집적계수는 1993년 0.370에서 2002년 0.363으로 큰 변화가 없었다. 싱가포르는 주변 항만들의 치열한 도전에도 불구하고 안정적인 정책과 기존 경쟁력을 극대화하여 항만산업의 집적화를 그대로 유지하였다. 이는 최근 싱가포르항이 세계 1위 항만으로 등극한 것과 무관하지 않을 것이다. 위 분석 내용을 토대로 본 연구는 아시아 항만도시에 외부요인(세계화)과 내부요인(도시성장)으로 인한 항만도시내부의 공간적 충돌과 연계현상을 규명하였으며, 이를 통해 항만과 도시의 새로운 관계를 확인하였다.
Abstract
This paper analyses the spatial interaction between port and urban functions in Hong Kong and Singapore between 1990 and 2003. It reviews the broad issue of port-city relationships in a local-global framework, adapted to the specific context of global hub port cities. Using the Gini index, the analysis shows varying evolutions of port-related industries and employment concentration. It reveals that Hong Kong and Singapore have responded diversely to change and, more precisely, to the important effect of regional port reorganisation. Moreover, it helps to illustrate the complex linkages between urban change and port change at various geographical levels simultaneously.
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