국립생태원 습지에서 진행 중인 자발적 복원
Passive restoration under progress in wetland of National Institute of Ecology
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초록
본 연구는 국립생태원 캠퍼스 내에서 주요 습지로 자리잡은 국립생태원 건립 전의 논을 자연의 과정에 맡긴 습지, 물길을 내어 자발적 복원을 유도한 습지 그리고 생태적 원리에 바탕을 두고 복원 처리한 저수지, 즉 생태연못을 대상으로 식생의 정착과정을 모니터링하여 복원의 진행정도를 평가하기 위해 수행하였다. 경관변화 분석 결과, 국립생태원의 현존 습지는 주로 이전의 논에 기원하였고, 일부는 주거지와 산림에서 기원한 것으로 나타났다. 식생의 종 조성 변화에서 초기에는 경작식물이나 인간 간섭에 내성을 갖는 식물이 우세한 경향이었으나 복원이 진행됨에 따라 인간 간섭에 의해 제거되었던 식물들과 습지의 생태적 특성에 어울리는 식물들이 늘어나는 경향을 보였다. 종 다양성과 외래종 출현 비율은 둘 다복원 사업 진행 단계에서 가장 높았고, 복원 후와 복원 전 단계 순으로 이어져 외래종의 침입이 종 다양성에 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 생태연못에서 나타난 변화는 수변 완충용으로 도입한 식생의 성공적인 정착이 두드러져 향후 외부로부터 오는 환경영향을 완충하는데 크게 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때, 국립생태원에 성립한 습지식생의 변화는 묵논에서 일어나는 전형적인 천이 초기과정의 모습을 보여 성공적인 복원을 이루어내고 있는 것으로 평가되었다. 최소한의 인위적 보조를 가한 생태연못에서도 복원의 과정은 성공적으로 진행되고 있다고 평가할수 있다. 특히 다양한 생태적 기능을 발휘할 수 있는 완충식생대의 성공적인 정착은 의미있는 복원효과로 평가할 수있다. 그러나 아직 완충식생대가 빈약한 구역에 대해서는 그 질을 개선하기 위한 적응관리대책이 요구되었다.
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate restoration process of a few wetlands in the National Institute of Ecology (NIE). Wetlands were composed of the former rice paddies that passive restoration was led through only natural process and by creating waterway, and an ecological pond, a reservoir that restorative treatment was practiced. As the result of analysis on landscape change in the current wetland space, existing wetland in NIE was usually from the former rice field and some parts were from the residential area or forest. Change of species composition was progressed from crops or ruderals resistant to human interferences to plant species, which has removed artificially for cultivation and grow usually in the typical wetland. Both species diversity and occurrence of exotic plants were the highest when restoration project is in progress and stages after and before restoration were followed. In an ecological pond that restorative treatment was done, vegetation introduced as riparian buffer was established successfully and thereby it was expected that it could contribute to buffer environmental stress comming from the outside. Synthesized the above mentioned results, change of wetland vegetation established in NIE resembled the typical trend of early successional stage occurring in the abandoned rice paddy and consequently, it was estimated that successful restoration is under progress. Restoration under progress in an ecological pond where artificial aid in the least level was added, could be evaluated in successful as well. In particular, successful establishment of buffering vegetation, which can play diverse ecological functions, could be evaluated as significant restoration effect. But adaptive management to improve ecological quality for the section that buffering vegetation is insufficient, is required.
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