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복원 초기 우포늪 산밖벌의 생태적 특성 및 관리방안 연구

Study on the Ecological Characteristics and Management Strategies of the Early Restoration Phase of Sanbakbeol in Upo Wetland

김미정|김평범|임정철
한국습지학회 (Korean Wetlands Society)|2024.11|한국습지학회지 (Journal of Wetlands Researh)|제26권 제4호|pp. 478-501|DOI 10.17663/JWR.2024.26.4.478

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참고문헌

키워드

수심생물다양성귀화식물생태적 복원Ecological Restoration습지 보전Floral DiversityInvasive SpeciesWetland ConservationWater Depth
주제분류기타자연과학

초록

본 연구는 산밖벌이 복원된 후 초기의 생태적 특성을 체계적으로 분석하여 습지 복원의 효과 분석 및 향후 관리 방안제시를 위해 이루어졌다. 습지의 수역과 육역 분포, 수면 아래 기저 지형, 공간별 식물상 구성과 분포 등을 조사하였다. 산밖벌 습지는 평균 수심 101.9cm, 최대 수심 205cm로 수역의 대부분은 80cm 이상의 깊이를 유지하고 있었다. 이러한 수심 분포는 수생생물의 서식에 유리한 환경을 제공하여 생태적 복원 목표에 부합하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 일부 지역은 급격한 지형 변화로 인해 전이지대 형성이 제한되어 식물군락의 다양성과 분포에 부정적인 영향을미칠 수 있음을 확인하였다. 관속식물은 총 61과 191종이 확인되어 인접한 우포늪 습지보호지역의 약 46.2% 수준으로서, 면적대비 비교적 높은 종다양성을 나타냈다. 귀화식물은 총 36종이 확인되어 귀화율도 18.8%로 높게 나타났다. 일부 귀화식물은 높은 밀도의 개체군을 형성하고 있어 생태계 교란의 우려가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 귀화식물의 다양성과 분포 밀도가 높은 것은 복원 후 천이 초기상태로서 생태계의 안정성이 충분히 확보되지 않았음을 의미한다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로, 산밖벌 습지의 생태계 안정성과 기능 향상을 위해 지형 개선을 통한 전이지대 형성, 멸종위기야생생물의 보전 대책 마련, 귀화식물의 체계적인 제거 및 관리, 지속적인 모니터링 등이 필요하다는 결론을 도출하였다. 본 연구는 복원된 습지의 지형 및 수문 체계 설계와 관리 전략 수립에 중요한 기초 자료를 제공하였으며, 향후다른 복원 습지의 관리에도 적용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Abstract

This study was conducted to systematically analyze the initial ecological characteristics following the restoration of the Sanbakbeol wetland, in order to assess the effectiveness of wetland restoration and propose future management strategies. Investigations were carried out on the distribution of aquatic and terrestrial areas, the underlying topography below the water surface, and the spatial composition and distribution of plant species. The Sanbakbeol wetland maintained an average water depth of 101.9cm and a maximum depth of 205cm, with most of the water area retaining a depth of over 80cm. This depth distribution was found to provide a favorable environment for aquatic organisms, aligning with the goals of ecological restoration. However, it was confirmed that in some areas, the formation of transitional zones was limited due to abrupt topographical changes, which could negatively affect the diversity and distribution of plant communities. A total of 191 species of vascular plants across 61 families were identified, indicating a relatively high species diversity per unit area at approximately 46.2% of that in the adjacent Upo Wetland Protected Area. However, the low number of endemic species and the small population of the endangered species Euryale ferox suggest that ecosystem stability has not been fully secured, being in the early stages of succession after restoration. Additionally, 36 species of naturalized plants were identified, resulting in a high naturalization rate of 18.8%. Some naturalized plants were found to form high-density populations, raising concerns about ecological disturbances. Based on these results, we concluded that measures such as forming transitional zones through topographical improvements, establishing conservation plans for endangered species, systematic removal and management of naturalized species, and continuous monitoring are necessary to enhance the ecological stability and functionality of the Sanbakbeol wetland. This study provides important foundational data for the design of topography and hydrological systems and the establishment of management strategies in restored wetlands, and is expected to be applicable to the management of other restored wetlands in the future.

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