시민의 신뢰를 높이기 위한 경찰활동에 관한 연구-절차적 정의 모델을 중심으로-
The Study on Enhancement of Policing with Public Trust -Procedural Justice Model-
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경찰활동에 대한 지역사회의 협력을 이끌어내기 위해서는 경찰에 대한 신뢰와 경찰활동에 대한 확신이 있어야 한다. 경찰관의 법집행 활동은 적법한 절차에 따라 수행되어야 하고 투명성을 갖춰야만 한다. 민주주의 사회에서의 경찰권 행사는 정당성과 공중의 지지 속에서 이루어져야 한다. 따라서 이 연구는 첫째, 법 준수라는 측면에서 시민들이 어떤 태도를 취하는가에 대한 의문에서 시작되어 도구적 관점과 규범적 관점에서 그 의미를 확인하였다. 둘째, 경찰기관과 같은 법집행기관은 절차적 정의모델을 준수할 것을 요구한다. 절차적 정의모델에 따른 법집행은 시민 개개인의 권리가 존중되고, 경찰과 조우하는 사람들이 해당 경찰관이 권한을 남용하거나 사사로운 마음이 개입하지 않고 단지 올바른 일을 공정하게 처리하고 있다는 인식을 가질 수 있도록 하는 장치라고 볼 수 있다. 셋째, 시민들의 신뢰는 기본적으로 법에 대한 순응과 개인의 경험과 밀접한 관련이 있으므로 과정에 기초한 규제 즉 절차적 정의, 동기와 관련된 신뢰, 의사결정과정 등에 대한 모든 일련의 과정에서의 시민신뢰를 확보하는 것이 중요한 것임을 알 수 있었다. 시민들이 경찰기관과 같은 법집행기관에 대한 자발적으로 복종하고 순응할 때야 말로 기본적인 상호협력이 기본적으로 생성됨을 의미한다. 마지막으로, Tyler의 과정에 기초한 규제모델을 통한 경험적 실험과 Hough와 그의 동료들이 경험적으로 확인한 잉글랜드와 웨일즈에서의 공중신뢰와 경찰의 정당성에 관한 실험을 확인하였다.
Abstract
Since the 1990s, National Police Agency has adopted the concept of community policing in line with western style police administration. Then, the laws and systems which are related with the prevention of local crimes and patrol have been improved. Anyway, Process-based regulation has the additional long-term advantage of encouraging support for legal authorities, enhancing the view that the police are legitimate and ought to be obeyed, and increasing voluntary deference and law-abiding behavior. Through a process-based approach to regulation, we seek to build and maintain the legitimacy of the police to encourage people to accept willingly the decisions of individual police officers. We will further explore the way in which people define procedural fairness and infer the trustworthiness of others’ motives. To enact process oriented approaches to policing and the operation of the criminal justice agencies, it is necessary to understand the inferences about fairness and trust that people draw from the behavior of legal authorities, and the changes in behavior to which people will respond. We predict that people will consider two aspects of the behavior of authorities when evaluating procedural fairness and trustworthiness during a personal encounter: the quality of the decision making procedures used by the authority, and the quality of the treatment they receive from the authority. These two elements have also been identified as important within the group engagement model. It shows the conceptual model for new perspective on the relationship between members of the public and police officers. In the process-based model of regulation, a central goal of legal authorities is to encourage the reciprocal trust and cooperation of the public by behaving in ways that most people perceiv as procedurally fair and based on trustworthy motives. This study shows the results which was conducted in Oakland and Los Angeles, and England and Wales to test empirically the argument that experiencing procedural justice trusting the motives of police officers and legitimacy.
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