범죄에 대한 두려움: 성별에 따른 차이가 있는가?
Fear of Crime: Does Gender Matter?
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그간 범죄에 대한 두려움의 원인을 밝혀내기 위한 학계의 노력은 취약성, 범죄피해, 무질서, 사회통제 모형들로 집약된다. 그러나 모든 모형을 아우르는 통합모형의 개발 및 검증에 대한 학자들의 관심은 상대적으로 부족했다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 통합모형의 하나로 평가할 수 있는 Ferraro (1995)의 위험 해석적 접근을 서울에 거주하는 807명의 시민 표본을 대상으로 적용, 복수의 교란변수들(범죄피해경험, 무질서, 집합적 효능성, 범죄피해인식, 그리고 취약성 모형 관련 변수들) 간의 구조적 인과관계를 고려한 상태로 범죄에 대한 두려움을 예측하였다. 또한 전체 표본을 성별에 따라 둘로 나누어, 위의 이론 관련 변수들을 연결하는 각 집단별 대응 경로계수 사이에 성별 차이가 있는지를 추가로 분석하였다. 일련의 구조방정식 모형 추정 결과, 대체적으로 위험 해석적 접근 모형은 Ferraro(1995)의 예상대로 전체 표본을 설명하였으나, 단지 몇 개의 경로계수에서만 성별 차이가 있다고 확인되었다. 실무자와 학계 모두를 위한 함의는 한국적 맥락에서 검토되었다.
Abstract
Although respective models of vulnerability, victimization, disorder, and collective efficacy are well-documented, relatively limited attention has been paid to developing and testing an integrated model of fear of crime. Using Ferraro’s (1995) risk assessment approach as a guiding framework, the present study investigates the etiology of fear of crime with multiple confounding factors (victimization, disorder, collective efficacy, perceived risk of victimization, and demographic variables) being simultaneously considered. Also dividing the whole sample of 807 South Korean adults in Seoul into two, this study examines whether there are gender differences in path coefficients linking the theoretical constructs above. Findings from a series of structural equation modeling approaches support Ferraro’s (1995) risk assessment approach overall, but only several path coefficients are found to differ by gender. Implications for both practice and future research are discussed in the context of South Korea.
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