지역사회요인의 상호작용과 범죄피해신고의 관계
An Exploration of the Community Factors of Reporting Crimes to the Police in Korea
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이 논문은 범죄피해신고에 관한 기존 연구가 주로 피해자특성이나 사건특성에 초점을 맞추고 있다고 보고, 지역요인이 범죄피해신고와 어떠한 관련이 있는지를 전국범죄피해조사(KCVS) 자료를 이용해 분석한 결과, 첫째로 지역수준에서 범죄피해신고에 유의미한 영향이 있는 변인은 주민참여, 지역무질서, 경찰신뢰도로 나타났다. 즉 주민참여의 정도가 높을수록, 지역무질서가 높을수록, 경찰신뢰도가 낮을수록 범죄피해신고의 가능성이 높아졌다. 둘째, 낮은 경찰신뢰도와 범죄피해신고의 관계를 구체적으로 살펴본 결과, 경찰신뢰도가 낮을 뿐 아니라 지역유대 역시 낮다고 인식하는 지역일수록 범죄피해의 신고가능성이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 지역무질서와 CCTV의 상호작용효과도 발견되었는데, 지역무질서가 높게 인식되는 지역일수록 CCTV 존재가 범죄피해신고의 가능성을 높이는 나타났다. 결론적으로 범죄피해신고는 피해자특성이나 사건특성에 더하여 지역특성을 포함한 다양한 맥락 속에서 이해될 필요가 있다.
Abstract
Although many researchers have investigated victim-specific or incident-specific factors on the willingness of victims to report crimes, this study focuses on community-specific factors which are interacted with each others. Using KCVS(Korean Crime Victim Survey) data, this research analyzes the contextual determinants for reporting crimes in Korea. The results consistently show that offense seriousness is a significant predictor of reporting in the individual level. In the community level, the measures of neighborhood social cohesion and participation, disorder, and trust in the police are associated with reporting crimes. In the case of the interaction, the interaction effect between social cohesion and trust in the police are significant to report crimes. This indicates that the people who live in the lower informal social control communities have limited access to other social capital and are more often insecure than the higher informal control neighborhoods, so they are more likely to report expeditiously. Still, the significant interaction between disorder and CCTV show that the disadvantaged communities are more likely to depend on the CCTV in the meaning of minimal security.
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