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CCTV와 비공식적 통제, 경찰활동의 상호작용효과에 관한 연구

A study on the effect of interaction CCTV, informal control and police activities

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초록

이 연구는 CCTV가 범죄피해 및 범죄두려움에 효과적인지를 살펴보고, CCTV와 비공식적 통제의 상호작용효과, CCTV와 경찰활동의 상호작용효과를 분석하여 CCTV의 효과가 비공식적 통제 및 지역사회 내 경찰활동의 정도에 따라 달라질 수 있음을 입증하는데 주목적을 두고 있다. 이를 위해 서울, 수원, 평택, 안산, 천안, 아산 등 6개 도시 내 300명의 지역주민을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 분석결과, 먼저 방범용CCTV의 설치에 대한 지역주민의 인지는 범죄피해 및 범죄두려움에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났으나, 기타CCTV의 설치에 대한 지역주민의 인지는 범죄피해에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 다음으로 CCTV와 비공식적 통제, CCTV와 경찰활동 등의 상호작용효과를 살펴본 결과, 범죄피해에 있어서는 방범용CCTV와 지역주민 간의 애착 및 신뢰, 기타CCTV와 지역주민 간의 감시 및 감독, 기타CCTV와 범죄예방활동 등의 상호작용효과가 나타났다. 범죄두려움에 있어서는 방범용CCTV와 지역시회 내 모임에의 참여도, 방범용CCTV와 지역주민 간의 감시 및 감독, 기타CCTV와 지역주민 간의 유대 등의 상호작용효과가 나타났다. 결과적으로 CCTV의 범죄예방효과는 비공식적 통제가 강한 지역에서 더욱 높게 나타난다는 결과가 도출되어 CCTV와 비공식적 통제의 상호작용효과는 어느 정도 입증되었다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 앞으로 CCTV의 범죄예방효과를 위해 무엇보다 방범용CCTV의 설치여부를 지역사회에 공지하거나 잘 인지할 수 있는 장소에 배치하는 것이 우선되어야 한다. 그리고 CCTV 설치 등의 공식적 통제와 동시에 지역사회 내 비공식적 통제를 강화시켜 범죄예방효과를 극대화시켜야 할 것이다. 이를 위해 각 지역별로 CCTV를 설치하기 이전에 지역사회 내 비공식적 통제를 강화시킬 수 있는 방안을 먼저 고려해야 한다. 경찰활동 또한 CCTV와 상호보완적으로 동시에 투입하여 범죄예방효과를 배가시켜야 할 것이다.

Abstract

This paper aims at proving that the CCTV’s preventive effects against crimes may differ according to regional characteristics, especially to degrees of informal control and to degrees of police activities within a community. That is to say, it tries to investigate the effects of interaction between the CCTV and informal control, and between the CCTV and police activities. For this, I have carried out a survey with a questionnaire taking as this paper’s subjects 300 residents from 6 cities, including Seoul, in various regions such as Gyeonggi and Chungnam. The results of the analysis from this paper reveals that damages from crimes and fear against crimes are not influenced by CCTVs for the purpose of prevention of crimes as well as other purposes, but that the latter (=those CCTVs for other purposes) have influence on damages from crimes. Then, the results from the investigation of interactive effects between the CCTV and informal control, and between the CCTV and police activities show that some interactive effects are made on damages from crimes, including attachment and trust between crime‐preventive CCTVs and local residents, monitoring and supervision by local residents and CCTVs for other purposes, and preventive activities against crime. As for fear against crimes, also some interactive effects are made including the relation between the participation in regional meetings for the residents and crime‐preventive CCTVs, monitoring and supervision by local residents and CCTVs for other purposes, and ties among residents with respect to CCTVs for other purposes. In conclusion, the interactive effects by the CCTV and informal control has been proved to an extent, as the results from this paper show that the preventive effects of the CCTV against crimes are higher in the regions where informal control is strong. Consequently, for preventive effects of the CCTV against crime, we should give priority to informing the community of its installment or to installing it on places where it can be readily recognizable. Moreover, we should maximize the preventive effects against crime by strengthening informal control within the community in tandem with the installment of CCTVs. For this, though CCTVs should be installed in individual areas, we should first of all consider some measures for strengthening informal control within the community. Police activities should also be enhanced inter‐complementarily with the CCTV to increase the preventive effects against crime.

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