지역 수준 범죄피해 두려움의 결정요인에 대한 연구 : 공식범죄통계, 무질서, 집합적 효율성, 경찰에 대한 신뢰도를 중심으로
A study on the determinants of regional-level fear of crime victimization : Focusing on the official crime rate, disorder, collective efficacy, and confidence in the police.
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범죄피해 두려움에 대한 선행연구들은 개인을 분석단위로 한 연구가 주를 이루고 지역변수를 포함한 연구들도 지역의 공식적 범죄율이 범죄피해 두려움에 어떠한 영향을 주는 지 알아본 연구는 드물다. 본 연구는 지역수준의 자료를 이용하여 범죄피해 두려움 설명모델인 공식범죄율 모델, 무질서 모델, 사회통합 모델, 그리고 경찰에 대한 신뢰도 모델을 검증하였다. 본 연구를 위해 2008년과 2010년에 조사된 전국범죄피해조사와 대검의 범죄통계에서 자료를 연결해서 모두 자료입수가 가능한 109개 지역들이 연구의 최종적인 대상지역이 되었다. 109개 지역의 2개년도 측정치가 분석에 포함되어 패널자료 구조로서 총 218개의 관측치가 분석에 사용되었다. 페널데이터 분석을 위해서 STATA 12.0을 사용하였고, 오차항의 이분산성의 문제를 해결하기위해 추정일반화최소제곱모형(FGLS: Feasible generalized least squares) 방식을 이용하였다. 연구결과 공식범죄율 모델에서 폭력범죄가 범죄피해 두려움에 유의미한 정의 관계를 보였고, 무질서 모델도 기존연구와 일치되게 범죄피해 두려움과 정의 관계를 보였다. 경찰에 대한 신뢰도는 부의 관계를 보여서 기존 연구와 일치되는 관계를 보였으나, 집합적 효율성은 기존연구와 상반된 결과를 보였다. 결론에서 정책적 제언과 연구의 한계를 논하였다.
Abstract
Previous research on the fear of crime victimization mostly utilized individual-level data. Few research using regional-level data failed to include official crime rate as an explanatory variable in the analysis. Current research using regional-level data examined the role of official crime, disorder, collective efficacy, and confidence in the police in explaining fear of crime victimization. For this study, 2008 and 2010 Korean National Crime Victimization Survey data and Crime Statistics of Supreme Prosecutor’s Office were utilized. Total 109 si, gun, gu units were included in the analysis after matching two data sources. Since two-year worth of observations for 109 regions were included, the data had panel data structure with total 218 observations. For the panel data analysis, FGLS analysis was utilized in order to control heteroscedasticity in the STATA 12.0. According to the analysis result, there was a significant positive relationship between official violent crime and fear of crime. Also disorder also showed a significant positive relationship with fear of crime supporting the previous findings. Confidence in the police had a significant negative relationship with fear of crime. Interestingly, the collective efficacy showed the opposite result from the previous research. Policy implication and the limitation of research was discussed in the conclusion.
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