부산항의 글로벌 경쟁요인 분석
Analysis of Global Competition Factors at Busan Port
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초록
부산항은 중국의 지속적인 대규모 항만개발과 일본의 공격적인 선사유치 전략 등으로 물동량 증가율이 지속적으로 감소하고 있다. 이와 더불어 대내외적인 환경도 급변하고 있다. 이러한 환경 하에서 부산항의 안정적인 물동량 창출을 위해서는 기존의 경쟁요인 외에 시대적 변화에 맞는 새로운 요인을 발굴하고 강화해야 할 필요성이 높다. 그러나 항만의 경쟁력과 관련한 대부분의 최근 연구에서는 선행 연구에서 도출된 요인의 지역별, 시기별 차별성만을 강조할 뿐 새로운 요인에 대한 발굴 및 실증분석은 거의 이루어지지 않고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 최근 들어 그 중요성이 더해지고 있는 글로벌 변수들이 항만의 경쟁요인으로 인식되고 있는지를 요인분석을 통해 살펴보고 이를 기반으로 부산항의 경쟁우위 전략을 제시하였다. 분석결과 글로벌 요인은 항만의 경쟁우위를 결정하는 중요한 요인으로 인식되고 있으며, 이를 기반으로 한 글로벌화 전략의 추진을 통해 부산항은 지속적인 경쟁적 우위를 유지하고 지역의 환적허브의 역할을 할 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
The growth of container throughputs of the Port of Busan has decreasing continuously by the massive green-field developments of Chinese ports and aggressive strategies of Japanese ports for attracting shipping liners. In addition to these competitive environments, circumstances in internal and external surrounding Busan port have also changed dramatically. Externally, container market has been changed to oligopoly market with the consequence of the introduction of global liner and operators. Internally, the growth rate of import and export volumes has decreasing by hollowing-out of manufacturing industry caused by overseas expansion and changing industrial structure from industry to service. Therefore, it is keenly necessary to develop and enhance new competitiveness factors in line with changing these internal and external environmental in order to attract more container throughputs consistently from competitors. However, the most of recent study related to port competitiveness had emphasized just differentiation of factors derived from previous research by regional coverage or period of time without development and assessment of new competitiveness factors. Thus, this study aims to investigate that whether port selection factors by customer side which becoming more important recently are conceived as important factors to improve competitiveness of container port or not through using factor analysis method and to suggest competitive advantage strategies of Busan port based on the results. The outcomes of analysis show that the global factors are regarded as important factors in determining port competitiveness. Therefore, Busan port has to enhance various globalization strategies for keeping competitive advantage and acting as transshipment hub port within the Northeast region.
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