항만물류산업의 지역경제 파급효과 분석 - 부산, 인천, 울산을 대상으로 -
The Regional Economic Impacts ofthe Port Logistics Industry - Focused on Busan, Incheon, and Ulsan -
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초록
항만물류산업은 수출입 화물의 운송 및 물류활동을 통한 부가가치의 창출 등 항만도시의 지역경제를 구성하는 근간이 되고 있다. 최근의 항만정책은 항만지역산업의 변화를 반영한 항만별 특화 전략을 수립하는 방향으로 추진 중이다. 이러한 배경 하에 본 연구는 2013년 기준 지역산업연관표를 적용하여 주요 지역별 항만물류산업의 경제적 파급효과를 분석하였다. 즉, 생산유발효과, 부가가치유발효과, 취업유발효과뿐만 아니라 부가가치 순이입 측면에서 경제적 파급효과를 정량화하였다. 분석 결과, 울산 항만물류산업의 생산유발효과가 타 지역 항만물류산업과 비교해서 가장 높지만, 타지역 생산유발률이 34.7%에 이르는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 부산과 인천의 경우 항만물류산업이 부가가치 이입 효과가 높은 산업으로 평가되었다. 분석 결과는 지역별 항만물류 클러스터를 구축하고 항만물류산업의 지역 경제적 중요성을 제시하는 데 활용 가능하다. 본 연구는 항만물류분야에 부가가치 순이입 분석을 최초로 도입함으로써 항만물류 연구의 범위를 넓히는 계기가 될 것으로 기대된다.
Abstract
Generally, ports represent a significant national infrastructure to ensure speedy and seamless transportation of import and export cargoes. For instance, 99.7% of the volume of import and export cargoes in Korea has been handled by maritime transportation. The port logistics industry plays a significant role in the regional economic development of Korea by generating added value and employment. As of late, the Korean Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries formulates the port policy for developing specialized ports in harmony with the change of regional industries. Especially, the port logistics industry should be developed with regard to the relationship with regional linked industries. Such situation drives the need for an analysis of the regional economic impacts of the port logistics industry. Thus, this study attempts to explore the regional economic impacts of the port logistics industry using regional input-output (I-O) analysis focused on Busan, Incheon, and Ulsan. We use the original benchmark 2013 regional I-O tables obtained from the Bank of Korea. For port logistics-based analysis, original tables are aggregated into 4-region and 31-sector tables. Specifically, production, value-added, and employment inducing effects, as well as net trade in value-added are intimately presented. The analysis results reveal that the production inducing effects of the regional port logistics industry range from 1.7730 to 1.9783. Given that 65% of induced effects of logistics industry in Ulsan are generated from industries in this location, the industry is likely to be very dependent on industries in other regions. “Port logistics,” “petroleum and coal products,” “business support services,” “electricity, gas, and steam supply,” and “wholesale and retail trade” rank high in the sectoral inducing effects of port logistics. With regard to net trade in value-added, port logistics industries in Busan and Incheon generated positive values respectively, but the industry in Ulsan showed the opposite sign. It should be noted that net trade in value-added allows researchers to capture added values transferred during the production process contrary to value-added inducing effects. Analysis results will offer valuable information on the regional economic importance of port logistics industry for building the master development plan on nationwide ports. Especially, net trade in value-added will serve as a new indicator for describing the industrial status of the regional port logistics industry. In addition, this study can be applied to the design of efficient strategies for constructing the regional port logistics clusters. The sectoral linkages in a regional economy can provide the framework for identifying leading industries in the regional economy and for grouping the industries into spatial clusters. In light of academic research, introducing net trade in value-added using I-O analysis to the port logistics field for the first time will significantly contribute to expanding the range of the port logistics research. We expect this study to motivate future research with respect to the economic impacts of port logistics industry.
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