한국어 다의어 동사 ‘잡다’와 대응 베트남어 표현 대조 연구

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the differences between Korean and Vietnamese by contrasting the Vietnamese expressions that correspond to the Korean polysemous verb '잡다' (japda). While the importance of teaching polysemous Korean words to foreigners is well recognized and there is a significant need for research in this area, studies addressing this topic remain limited. Specifically, research on polysemous words for Vietnamese learners of Korean is scarce, and no studies have focused exclusively on the verb '잡다'. Therefore, this study seeks to explore the linguistic differences between Korean and Vietnamese through the various meanings of '잡다'. This study applies a contrastive analysis methodology from a semasiological approach, comparing the dictionary meanings and extended meanings of the Korean verb '잡다' with its Vietnamese equivalents. The aim is to explore how these meanings evolve and expand in both languages. First, existing research was reviewed to pinpoint its limitations. Following this, the "Korean Basic Dictionary" was analyzed to extract 25 different meanings of the verb '잡다', which were then organized into six main semantic categories: ‘구속’ (confinement), ‘획득’ (acquisition), ‘판단’ (judgment), ‘파악’ (comprehension), ‘형성’ (formation), and ‘제거’ (elimination). Vietnamese expressions that correspond to both the basic and extended meanings of '잡다' were identified using these categories, and the similarities and differences between the two languages were discussed. Through this process, it was found that the primary meaning of '잡다', as listed in the "Korean Basic Dictionary", is 'to hold with one's hand and not let go'. This meaning directly corresponds to the Vietnamese expressions 'cầm' (to hold) and 'nắm' (to grasp). In examining the extended meanings of '잡다', a lexical contrast methodology from a contrastive linguistics perspective was applied to identify differences between the Korean '잡다' and its Vietnamese counterparts. Consequently, it was observed that some expressions were commonly used in both Korean and Vietnamese. However, it was also found that some Vietnamese expressions carried different meanings due to semantic differences, and that some expressions appeared in multiple forms. This study identified similarities and differences by comparing and contrasting the Korean verb '잡다', which is frequently used in daily life and considered essential vocabulary at the beginner level, with its corresponding expressions in Vietnamese. It is also anticipated that this research will contribute to developing effective methods for teaching the polysemous verb '잡다' to Vietnamese learners of Korean.