가족평가의 의의와 질적 평가기법의 활용을 위한 고찰
Family Assessment in Marriage and Family Therapy
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초록
가족을 평가하고 가족문제에 개입하는데 있어서 가족치료자들은 지금까지 주로 개인 심리검사도구나 양적/객관적 방법들에 의지해 온 경향이 있다. 또한, 최근 가족치료 패러다임의 변화와 더불어 가족평가에 있어서 내담자들의 주관적 인식과 경험을 중시하게 되었다. 우리 사회에도 가족치료를 실시하는 기관들이 점차 증가하고 있으나, 지금까지 가족문제에 대한 사정과 개입에 있어서 어떠한 평가방법을 활용할 것인가에 대한 학문적 고민과 정보가 부족한 실정이었다. 본 연구는 가족문제를 다루는 치료자들에게 가족평가의 의의와 그 방법에 대한 이해의 깊이를 더하고 가족치료 전 과정을 통해 다양한 가족평가방법들을 적절하게 활용하도록 하기 위해 가족치료 임상에서 가족평가의 의의와 주요 평가방법 및 그 특성들에 대해 고찰해 보았다. 또한, 양적/객관적 평가방법의 한계를 보완하고 상담과정에서 보다 임상적으로 유용하게 활용할 수 있는 몇 가지 질적 기법들(원하는 것 광고하기, 심상 유도하기, 사진, 직선조각, 문장 완성하기, 은유, 가족투표 등)의 평가절차와 강점에 대해 살펴보았다. 본 연구를 통해 소개된 다양한 질적 기법들은 치료자와 내담자 가족원들이 협동적 평가과정에 참여하도록 하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이며, 앞으로 이러한 기법들이 우리나라 가족치료 현장에서 좀 더 창조적인 방식으로 활용되기를 기대한다.
Abstract
Many family therapists continue to rely on quantitative assessment measures to gather information about the families they treat. However, with the field’s move toward embracing social constructionist thought, a considerable number of therapists are alternatively seeking assessment methods that value ideographic meaning over normative comparison. In this article, the author discuss the role that family assessment can play in marital and family therapy practice. These review can be quite helpful for therapists to use such instruments for clinical assessment and treatment planning. The author review the advantages of qualitative assessment as complement to more quantitative family evaluation measures and present several illustrative qualitative assessment procedures. Through theses methods, therapists can use it to engage client families in a collaborative evaluation process.
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