가족치료 임상에서 가계도 활용의 다양성 고찰
Genograms in Family Therapy Practice
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초록
가계도는 가족에 대한 정보를 여러 세대에 걸쳐 수집하기 위해 치료자들이 오랫동안 사용해온 인기 있는 도구이다. 지난 몇 년간 임상현장에 가계도를 적용한 문헌들이 증가하였고, 이 과정에서 기본가계도의 내용과 수정이 폭넓게 제안되었다. 본 연구는 이들 가계도의 발달배경과 구성방법, 적용사례에 대해 고찰해보고, 그 치료적 유용성과 한계에 대해 논의해 보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 본 연구에서 살펴본 기본가계도의 확장 형태로는 시간선 가계도, 색채코딩 가계도, 문화가계도, 해결지향 가계도, 영적 가계도, 사회적으로 구성된 가계도, 가족놀이가계도 등이다. 이들 가계도는 기본가계도의 한계나 임상적 유용성을 확대하는데 기여하였으며, 우리나라 가족치료 임상에서 얼마나 유용하게 활용될 수 있는지에 대해 논의하였다. 본 연구를 기초로 앞으로 우리나라 가족치료 임상에서 이들 가계도를 적용한 연구결과들이 보고되고, 새롭고 창의적인 방식으로 기본가계도가 확장되어 질 수 있기를 기대한다.
Abstract
The genogram is a familiar tool for many therapists. While there are some differences of opinion about who invented the genogram, there seems no doubt about its popularity as a technique among therapists from different theoretical perspectives and for therapists working with different populations. The genogram has undergone many facelifts since its introduction to the field, demonstrating itself to be an adaptable tool. In 1985, McGoldrick and Gerson challenged therapists to discover new and creative uses for it, inviting flexibility of design and implementation. Today, approaches vary from timeline, color-coded, and cultural genograms to solution-oriented, spiritual, socially constructed, and family play genograms. The authors describe the uses of these seven types of genogram and review their utility, particularly for Korean family therapists. They conclude with recommendations and ideas for further exploration.
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