인천 섬 갯벌에 대한 생태적 가치화 방안과 적용
Ecological Valuation Method and its Application to Tidal Flats around Incheon, Korea
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초록
해양환경은 최근에 더욱 거센 개발 압력을 받고 있다. 인구의 대다수가연안을 따라 거주하고 있고, 육지의 공간과 자원이 줄어들면서 바다를 이용하려는 사회경제적 요구가 증가하고 있기 때문이다. 해양환경 관리에 있어 중요한 핵심은 하나의 관리계획 속에서 경제적 개발요구와 자연보전요구의 균형을 맞추는 일이다. 이러한 관리 전략을 수립하기 위해서는 신뢰할 수 있고 의미 있는 생태학적 정보가 종합화된 형태로 제공되어야 한다. 이러한 관점에서 여러 환경 정보들을 결합시켜 하나의 수치로 나타내는 지표(indicator) 개념이 지속적인 관심을 받아왔다. 그러나 지표의 가장 큰 단점은 생태계를 지나치게 단순화시킨다는 점이다. 따라서 생물자료와 생태자료를 종합하여 누구나 쉽게 이해할 수 있고 해양 관리정책에 사용될 수있도록 만들어주는 도구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 갯벌생태계에 대한 새로운 생태적 가치평가 방안을 소개하고 있다. 이 방법의 특징은 생태학 개념에 근거한 가치평가 기준을 먼저 제시하고, 연관된 적절한 평가질문을던지는 질문 접근방식을 활용한 점이다. 본 연구에서 채택한 생태계 고유의 내재적 가치평가 기준은 희소성, 집합성, 생존적응성이며, 자연성은 보조 기준으로 사용하였다. 이 평가 방안은 인천연안 17개 섬 갯벌의 생태적가치평가에 실제 적용되었으며, 9가지의 질문에 대한 평가 결과는 이해하기 쉽도록 5등급으로 표현하였다. 가치평가 결과, 4곳의 갯벌(대무의도, 대이작도, 자월도, 영종도 갯벌)이 가장 높은 생태적 가치를 가진 것으로 평가되었다.
Abstract
Marine environments are currently experiencing intense pressures from anthropogenic driving forces. It's because of high settlements along coastlines and decreasing space and resources on land, which cause the socio-economic demands for over exploitation to expand. In addressing marine environmental management it is essential to keep a balance between the need for economic development and the need for nature conservation within the same management plan. In order to develop management strategies for sustainable use and conservation in the marine environment, reliable and meaningful, but integrated ecological information is needed. From this point of view, indicators combining several environmental factors in a single value, have always been an interesting concept in marine management. However, the major weak point of indicators is that the aggregation results in oversimplification of the ecosystem under observation. Translation tools should be developed which integrate the available biological and ecological data into information which can be readily understood by non-scientists and used in marine management. In this research a new ecological valuation method for tidal flat ecosystem is presented. A special feature of the method is to establish valuation criteria first based on ecological concepts and using the appropriate assessment questions as question-driven approach. Selected criteria in this research are rarity, aggregation, fitness consequences as first order criteria, and naturalness as a subsidiary criterion. This evaluation method applied in real ecological valuation process on 17 tidal flats of islands around Incheon, Korea. Five value classes are used in the proposed scoring system (very low, low, medium, high and very high ecological value), because these classes allow an easy understanding of value patterns. The highest ecological values are found in tidal flats of four islands (Dae- Mui, Dae-isak, Jawol, and Youngjong).
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