토기로 본 한반도 동·남해안 지역 신석기시대 조기 사회상

Abstract

This study started with the question of whether the social situation of the time in which pottery artifacts were produced can be interpreted through the process of reviewing the symbolic meaning of patterns on the pottery in the context of excavation. The pottery produced in the Korean Peninsula in the early Neolithic period can be divided based on their pattern types – which raiseddesign, press-pattern, bean-pattern and supplementary bean-pattern – into Dongsamdong, Osanri, Jukbyeonri and Sejuk styles. Dongsamdong-style pottery is the representative style used by the group who started to settle throughout the year and hunt whales, collecting and hunting marine life. Over time, their traditional notions seemed to gradually change to meet new situations. Of this pottery, the red-painted pottery can be presented as a daily formality not far off the traditional notions or an object closely related to it. Osanri-style pottery was produced by those who collected and hunted marine life with a strategy of having a long total occupation period and a short yearly occupation period, and is the representative style used by the group of ancestors who left the coastal sand dunes at around B.C. 5,500 and 4,800, respectively. Jukbyeonri-style pottery was rapidly transformed from press-pattern to bean-patterns (raised-design), being affected by the pottery of raised-design and by changes in the type of occupation in the southern region. It is the representative style used by the group of ancestors who collected and hunted marine life, and can be recognized as the symbol of the group chosen at a crossroads of tradition and change. Sejuk-style pottery seems to be the representative style used by those who collected and hunted marine life, as one of the groups who used raiseddesign, but exchanges with the group of those who used Jukbyeonri-style pottery seemed to allow the group to share and continue to use the concept of bean-patterns. The pottery of supplementary bean-pattern that were popular in the southern region along the eastern coast of Korea seems to be the result of such amicable exchanges. The group who used Jukbyeonri-style pottery started to embrace a strategy of settling in the southern region instead of its previous movement strategy, and in the process, it separated from its homogeneous groups in the northern region and started to have a special relationship with heterogeneous groups in the southern region, establishing a new order. In this context, beanpatterns emerged, which later became a symbol of the tradition and notions of the communities, as well as a symbol of the daily formality of honoring ancestors or the territory of the communities. Therefore, it can be summarized that the bean-patterns reflect the identity of the communities along the eastern coast of Korea.