산업혁명에 따른 고용구조 변화 데이터 분석
An Analysis of Change in the Employment Structure Data Caused by the Industrial Revolution
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최근 제4차 산업혁명 시대가 도래함에 따라서 산업구조와 고용구조가 크게 변화될 것이라는 전망이 발표되고 있다. 특히 인공지능의 발전이 자동화를 촉진하여 제조업의 일자리는 감소하고, 인간 고유 능력 중심의 서비스 일자리 중심으로 재편될 것이라는 분석이 많다. 본 연구는 이 같은 이론적 분석에 의한 추세 전망 모델을 기초 검증하기 위해 수행되었다. 제4차 산업혁명으로 인한 고용구조 변화에 대한 통찰력을 획득하기 위해 지난 수십 년간의 고용구조 변화를 국가별, 시대별로 분석하였다. 이러한 데이터 분석을 통하여 고용구조 변화 모델에 대한 일차적 검증을 수행하였다. 기존 연구자가 예측한 U자 형태의 모델로 이동하고 있는지에 대한 실증적 분석을 하였으며, 향후의 전망에 대한 기초 분석도 제시하였다. 분석결과, U자형 모델로의 고용구조 변화는 실제 데이터로 확인되고 있으며, 이러한 U자화 추세는 제4차 산업혁명시대에 더욱 가속화될 것으로 전망되었다. 향후 보다 정밀한 데이터 분석에 의한 모델 검증이 필요하며, 고용구조 변화에 대한 심층 연구도 필요하다.
Abstract
It is anticipated that the employment structure of the whole industry will change drastically as the Fourth Industrial Revolution era arrives. Particularly, there are numerous reseraches that the development of artifical intelligence will promote automation causing jobs in manufacturing industry to decrease; thus, the economy will be reorganized with service-centered jobs, which heavily depend on human ability. This study was conducted to verify the trend-forecasting model based on the theoretical analysis. We analyzed the change in employment structure over the past decades in each country and period to gain insights from the changes in the employment structure caused by the Fourth Industrial Revoltion. The results of this study are as follows: First, we investigaed whether the current economy is moving along the U-shaped model suggested by an existing researcher. As a result of the analysis, the data substantiated that the change of the employment structure is moving along the U-shaped model. It is also suggested that this U-shaped trend is expected to accelerate in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In the future, more accurate data analyses are needed to verify the model, and additional researches on the change in the employment structed is also needed.
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