자치경찰 3년에 대한 평가 – 법제와 그 운영 실제를 중심으로 –

Abstract

According to the Organization and Operation of the National Police and Autonomous Police Act (Police Act), which was fully revised on December 22, 2020, the autonomous police system was implemented nationwide on July 1, 2021, and now three years have passed. There were many debates about the necessity of introducing the autonomous police system and the appropriate model, and there were doubts about the process of system enforcement with concerns about expanded police rights such as the adjustment of investigative rights and the transfer of information functions. But the autonomous police system is opening a new chapter in the history of police and local autonomy. Since the establishment of the government, regional police activities that reflect the local situation and the will of the residents have begun away from the single police system of the national police. Along with the implementation of the autonomous police system, each municipal and provincial autonomous police committee has made efforts to establish a system such as performing independent roles, collecting opinions from local governments and local residents, and implementing policies that reflect local conditions, and cities and provinces have also made efforts to develop security services for residents and allocate budgets. For three years, the system has been framed to some extent, such as the establishment of related regulations and a practical operating system. It was found that local needs are reflected and residents are taking part in police activities. However, on the other hand, local residents cannot feel the changes caused by the implementation of the autonomous police. There is also a skeptical evaluation of the contents and effects of the system in local governments and the police. This is due to the lack of awareness and understanding of the newly introduced system, but it is also due to the limitations of some laws and regulations. The improper operation of the system is also affecting it. The evaluation of whether police activities suitable for the residents' participation and the local situation, which is the original purpose of the autonomous police system, are being realized, and whether fair and neutral police actions are being carried out without the abuse of police power, which was intended in the design of the legal system, should be carried out by various indicators after more time. In order for a fair evaluation to be made, it is first necessary to improve the legal system and implement it correctly. The autonomous police legal system can be viewed positively overall, but there are also issues that have been controversial since the time of the legislation, and some problems appeared unexpectedly in the implementation process. This thesis examines the characteristics of the current legislation and the problems that appear in the practice of operation, focusing on the municipal and provincial autonomous police committee, the mission of the autonomous police, the relationship between the municipal and provincial autonomous police committees, the mayor and the governor, the municipal and provincial police agencies (commissioner) and the National Police Agency (commissioner). In addition, some issues that are considered to need improvement for the settlement and development of the autonomous police system are reviewed and what is needed for the autonomous police to move in a better direction in the future is suggested.